Timeline of Istanbul

The following is a of the history of the city of Istanbul, Turkey.

Prior to 4th century

• 657 BCE – Byzantium founded by Greeks.
• 513 BCE – City taken by Persians under the rule of Darius the Great.
• 479 BCE – Spartans take control of Byzantium from the Persians following their victory at the Battle of Plataea.
• 411 BCE – Captured by Sparta.
• 408 BCE – Captured by Athens.
• 340 BCE – Besieged unsuccessfully by the forces of Philip II of Macedon.
• 317 BCE – Battle of Byzantium.
• 193 CE
• Besieged by Septimius Severus.
• Population: 15,000
• 196 – Captured by Septimius Severus. Walls demolished and city razed.
• 203
• Septimius Severus rebuilds the city.
• Hippodrome built (approximate date).
• Mese main street built.
• Baths of Zeuxippus built (approximate date).
• Walls rebuilt (approximate date).
• 267 – Captured by the Herules.

4th–15th centuries

• 315 – Hagia Irene church built (approximate date).
• 324
• 8 November: Constantine renames the city as Constantinoupolis and begins large-scale rebuilding.
• Serpent Column relocated to Byzantium.
• Hippodrome enlarged.
• Population: 20,000
• 328 – 4 November: Constantine dedicates Constantinople as capital.
• 330
• 11 May: Column of Constantine dedicated.
• Church of the Holy Apostles built (approximate date).
• Chora Church built (approximate date).
• Milion erected (approximate date).
• 332
• 18 May: Free distribution of food to citizens. 80,000 rations a day from 117 distribution points.
• 359 – First urban prefect appointed.
• 360 – 15 February: Great Church of Holy Wisdom inaugurated.
• 362 – Kontoskalion built.
• 365 – City taken by forces of Procopius.
• 368
• Valens Aqueduct completed.
• Magnaura palace built (approximate date).
• Population: 150,000
• 378 – Battle of Constantinople (378): Gothic attack on the city.
• 381 – First Council of Constantinople held in the Hagia Irene church.
• 382
• Drought.
• Second line added to the Valens Aqueduct.
• 390 – Obelisk of Theodosius installed.
• 393
• Forum of Theodosius rebuilt.
• Column of Theodosius erected.
• Arch of Theodosius completed.
• Population: 200,000
• 395 – Earthquake (approximate date).
• 400 – City occupied by the rebel forces of Gainas for several months.
• 401 – Construction of the Column of Arcadius begins.
• 403
• Forum of Arcadius built.
• Column of Aelia Eudoxia erected.
• Earthquake.
• 407 – 1 April: Earthquake.
• 413 – Theodosian Walls built.
• 415 – 10 October: Church of Theodosius II inaugurated.
• 420 – Palace of Lausus built (approximate date).
• 421 – Cistern of Aetius built.
• 425 – 27 February: Pandidakterion school founded by emperor Theodosius II.
• 428 – Theodosius Cistern built (approximate date).
• 430 – Palace of Antiochos built.
• 433 – August: Fire destroys buildings along the Golden Horn.
• 437 – 25 September: Constantinian and Theodosian Walls damaged by an earthquake.
• 439 – Boukoleon Palace built (approximate date).
• 440 – Saint Andrew in Krisei built (approximate date).
• 447
• 26 January: Walls damaged by an earthquake.
• Walls rebuilt in 60 days by 16,000 workers under praetorian prefect Constantinus.
• 6 November: Constantinian and Theodosian Walls damaged by an earthquake.
• 450
• Column of Marcian erected (approximate date).
• Church of St. Mary of Blachernae built.
• 459
• Construction of the Cistern of Aspar begins.
• Augustaion rebuilt.
• 462 – Monastery of Stoudios founded.
• 464 – September: Fire begins in the dockyards of the Golden Horn and damages eight of the city's fourteen regions.
• 473 – Imperial Library of Constantinople burned.
• 476 – Basilica Cistern rebuilt (approximate date).
• 478 – 25 September: Walls damaged by an earthquake.
• 498 – Riot by the Greens damages the Hippodrome and surrounding area.
• 500
• Cistern of Mocius built (approximate date).
• Palace of Blachernae built (approximate date).
• Byzantine structure that would become the Balaban Aga Mosque built (approximate date).
• 524 – Church of St. Polyeuctus built.
• 527 – Construction of the Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus begins.
• 532
• January: Nika riots.
• 23 February: Construction of the Hagia Sophia church begins.
• Basilica Cistern rebuilt and enlarged.
• 533 – Earthquake.
• 536 – Church of the Saints Sergius and Bacchus finished.
• 537
• 26 December: Hagia Sophia completed.
• Population: 300,000–500,000
• 541 – Plague of Justinian kills 40% of the population.
• 543 – Column of Justinian erected.
• 545 – Wheat and wine shortage.
• 548 – Hagia Irene rebuilt.
• 550 – 28 June: Church of the Holy Apostles rebuilt.
• 553 – Second Council of Constantinople held.
• 554 – 16 August: 554 Anatolia earthquake.
• 555 – May–July: Bread shortage.
• 557 – 14 December: 557 Constantinople earthquake destroys large parts of the city.
• 558 – February–July: Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian.
• 560 – Monastery of the Mother of God at the Spring built.
• 562 – November: Drought.
• 570
• Chrysotriklinos built by emperor Justin II (approximate date).
• Orphanage of Saint Paul founded (approximate date).
• 573–574 – Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian.
• 575 – Kontoskalion harbor deepened and enlarged.
• 576 – Valens Aqueduct repaired and expanded.
• 582 – Famine.
• 586 – Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian.
• 599 – Re-occurrence of the plague of Justinian.
• 626 – Siege of Constantinople (626) by Avars, Slavs and Sassanian Persians.
• 674–678 – Siege of Constantinople (674–78).
• 680 – Third Council of Constantinople held.
• 690 – Hall of Justinianos built by emperor Justinian II (approximate date).
• 692 – Quinisext Council held.
• 698 – Outbreak of plague.
• 717–718 – Siege of Constantinople (717–18).
• 740 – October 26: 740 Constantinople earthquake.
• 747 – Outbreak of plague.
• 753 – Hagia Irene rebuilt.
• 758 – Drought.
• 766 – Valens Aqueduct restored.
• 769 – Church of the Virgin of the Pharos in existence.
• 813 – City besieged by Bulgarian forces.
• 821 – City besieged by forces of Thomas the Slav.
• 860 – Siege of Constantinople (860).
• 869 – A portion of the walls collapses in an earthquake.
• 870 – Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church) held.
• 880
• Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox) held.
• 1 May: Nea Ekklesia built.
• 907 – Siege of Constantinople (907).
• 908 – Lips Monastery built.
• 920 – Myrelaion built.
• 922 – Battle of Constantinople (922).
• 941 – Siege of Constantinople (941).
• 971 – Church of Christ of the Chalke built by emperor John I Tzimiskes.
• 1000 – Hagios Theodoros built (approximate date).
• 1030 – Monastery of St. Mary Peribleptos built by emperor Romanos III Argyros.
• 1045 – Monastery of St. George of Mangana built (approximate date).
• 1047 – September: Siege by rebels under Leo Tornikios.
• 1049 — Theotokos Euergetis Monastery founded.
• 1059 – Saint Thekla of the Palace of Blachernae built.
• 1060 – Pammakaristos Church built (approximate date).
• 1081 – Chora Church rebuilt.
• 1087 – Monastery of Christ Pantepoptes built.
• 1100
• Paper in use.
• Saint John the Forerunner by-the-Dome built.
• 1110
• Kecharitomene Monastery built.
• Maiden's Tower built.
• 1136 – Monastery of the Pantocrator completed.
• 1147 – September: Battle of Constantinople (1147)
• 1181 – 2 May: Uprising of Maria Komnene against the rule of Alexios Komnenos suppressed.
• 1182 – April: Massacre of the Latins.
• 1197 – 25 July: Fire destroys the Latin Quarter and other buildings.
• 1200 – Theotokos Kyriotissa built (approximate date).
• 1203 – Siege of Constantinople (1203) by the Fourth Crusade, in which Alexius IV was able to usurp the throne after Alexius III fled to Thrace.
• 1204 – April: Siege of Constantinople (1204) by the Fourth Crusade, in which the Byzantines were overwhelmed and the city thoroughly sacked.
• 1235 – Siege of Constantinople (1235).
• 1260 – Siege of Constantinople (1260).
• 1261
• 25 July: Captured by Nicaean forces under Alexios Strategopoulos.
• Population: 35,000
• 1268 – Kyra Martha nunnery founded.
• 1289 – June: Earthquake.
• 1304 – South Church of Lips Monastery built.
• 1307 – Monastery of Christ Philanthropos built.
• 1325 – Church of San Domenico built.
• 1332 – 17 January: Earthquake.
• 1347
• 14 October: Earthquake.
• 18 October: Earthquake.
• 1348
• Galata Tower built.
• Population: 80,000
• 1351 – 28 May: Fifth Council of Constantinople completed.
• 1376 – City besieged by forces of Andronikos IV Palaiologos.
• 1394
• Blockade of the city begun by Ottoman forces under Bayezid I.
• Anadoluhisarı fortress built.

15th–18th centuries

• 1402
• Ottoman blockade lifted.
• Earthquake.
• 1410 – June: Battle of Kosmidion.
• 1411 – Siege of Constantinople (1411).
• 1422 – Siege of Constantinople (1422).
• 1427 – Church of Saint Benoit built.
• 1437
• 4 September: Earthquake.
• 25 November: Earthquake.
• 1452 – Rumelihisarı fortress built.
• 1453
• 6 April-29 May: Final Siege of Constantinople; City besieged by Ottoman forces; Mehmed II in power.
• Capital of the Ottoman Empire relocated to Constantinople from Edirne.
• Hagia Sophia (converted from Orthodox cathedral to mosque) in use.
• Medrese predecessor of Istanbul University established.
• Population: 40,000–50,000
• 1454
• 18 April: Treaty of Constantinople (1454)
• Imperial Arsenal established.
• Phanar Greek Orthodox College founded.
• Ağa hamamı built.
• 1458
• Yedikule Fortress built.
• Eyüp Sultan Mosque built.
• 1460 – Grand Bazaar built (approximate date).
• 1465 – Topkapı Palace construction begins.
• 1467 – Turkish State Mint established.
• 1470
• Fatih Mosque built.
• Sahn-ı Seman Medrese established.
• 1471 – Rum Mehmed Pasha Mosque built.
• 1472 – Tiled Kiosk built.
• 1478 – Galata Mosque in use.
• 1479 – 25 January: Treaty of Constantinople (1479)
• 1481 – Galatasaray High School established.
• 1488 – Complex of Sultan Bayezid II built.
• 1491 – Firuz Agha Mosque built in Fatih.
• 1497 – Gazi Atik Ali Pasha Mosque built.
• 1505 – Ä°skender Pasha Mosque, Fatih built (approximate date).
• 1506 – Bayezid II Mosque built.
• 1509 – 1509 Constantinople earthquake.
• 1512 – Vasat Atik Ali Pasha Mosque built.
• 1520 – Suleiman the Magnificent becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1521 – Ibrahim Pasha Palace in use.
• 1528 – Yavuz Selim Mosque built.
• 1531 – Piri Mehmed Pasha Mosque built.
• 1533 – 22 July: Treaty of Constantinople (1533).
• 1535 – French embassy established.
• 1539 – Haseki Sultan Complex built.
• 1541 – Tomb of Hayreddin Barbarossa built.
• 1542 – Defterdar Mosque built.
• 1548
• Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Üsküdar) built.
• Şehzade Mosque built.
• 1550
• Mosque with the Spiral Minaret built.
• Yavuz Sultan Selim Madras built.
• 1551 – Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque built.
• 1554 – Coffee house in business.
• 1555 – November/December: Sinan Pasha Mosque (Istanbul) built.
• 1556 – Bath-house of Haseki Hurrem Sultan built.
• 1557
• Süleymaniye Mosque built.
• Süleymaniye Hamam bath built.
• 1559 – Caferağa Medresseh built.
• 1560 – Ä°skender Pasha Mosque, Kanlıca built.
• 1563 – Rüstem Pasha Mosque built.
• 1567 – Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Büyükçekmece) built.
• 1570 – Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı) built.
• 1571 – Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Kadırga) built.
• 1572 – Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque built.
• 1573 – Piyale Pasha Mosque built.
• 1577 – Observatory of Taqi al-Din built.
• 1578 – Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Azapkapı) built.
• 1580 – Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex built.
• 1581 – Şemsi Pasha Mosque built.
• 1583 – 26 March: First British ambassador to Constantinople arrives.
• 1584
• Çemberlitaş Hamamı (bath) built.
• Molla Çelebi Mosque built.
• Church of St. Mary Draperis, Istanbul established.
• 1586
• Atik Valide Mosque built.
• Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque built.
• 1590
• 21 March: Treaty of Constantinople (1590).
• Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque built.
• 1604 – Church of SS Peter and Paul, Istanbul built.
• 1612 – 20 November: Treaty of Nasuh Pasha.
• 1613 – Aynalıkavak Palace built.
• 1615 – Cossack raid on Istanbul (1615)
• 1616 – Sultan Ahmed Mosque built.
• 1620 – Cossack raid on Istanbul (1620)
• 1624 – Cossack raids on Istanbul (1624)
• 1648 – Atmeydanı incident.
• 1656 – 26 February: Çınar incident.
• 1660
• 24–26 July: Great Fire of 1660.
• New Bazaar built.
• 1665 – Valide Sultan Mosque built.
• 1678 – Church of St. Mary Draperis rebuilt.
• 1700 – 13 July: Treaty of Constantinople (1700).
• 1710 – Yeni Valide Mosque built.
• 1728 – Fountain of Ahmed III built.
• 1729 – Fountain of Ahmed III (Üsküdar) built.
• 1730 – 20 September: Patrona Halil rebellion.
• 1732 – Tophane Fountain built.
• 1736 – 24 September: Treaty of Constantinople (1736).
• 1742 – 15 April: Apostolic Vicariate of Constantinople established.
• 1746 – Kalenderhane Mosque consecrated.
• 1753 – Yedikule Hospital founded.
• 1755 – Nuruosmaniye Mosque built.
• 1758 – Şemsipaşa Primary School established.
• 1763 – Laleli Mosque built.
• 1766 – Earthquake.
• 1769 – Zeynep Sultan Mosque built.
• 1771 – Fatih Mosque rebuilt.
• 1773 – Naval Engineering at Golden Horn Naval Shipyard college founded.
• 1774 – Rami Barracks built.
• 1781 – Emirgan Mosque built.
• 1793 – Balıklı Greek Hospital rebuilt.
• 1795
• Imperial School of Military Engineering established.
• Mühendishane-i Berri Hümayun printing house established.

19th century

• 1800 – Eyüp Sultan Mosque rebuilt.
• 1801 – Big Selimiye Mosque built.
• 1806 – Taksim Military Barracks built.
• 1807 – 29 May: Coup of 1807.
• 1808 – 28 July: Coup of 1808.
• 1813 – Hidayet Mosque built.
• 1814 – Sultan Mahmut Fountain built.
• 1821 – Constantinople massacre of 1821.
• 1825 – Pangaltı Mkhitaryan School established.
• 1826
• 15 June: Auspicious Incident.
• Nusretiye Mosque built.
• 1828
• 6 February: Selimiye Barracks built.
• Beyazıt Tower built.
• 1831 – October: Takvim-i Vekayi newspaper established.
• 1832
• February: Treaty of Constantinople (1832).
• Beylerbeyi Palace Tunnel built.
• Davutpaşa Barracks built.
• 1833 – 8 July: Treaty of Hünkâr Ä°skelesi.
• 1834
• Military Academy established.
• 31 May: Surp Pırgiç Armenian Hospital opened.
• 1836 – 3 September: Hayratiye Bridge built.
• 1837 – Surp Agop Hospital opened.
• 1843 – Church of SS Peter and Paul rebuilt.
• 1844 – Naum Theatre opened.
• 1845
• Galata Bridge built.
• 21 September: Mekteb-i Fünun-ı Ä°dadiye military high school established.
• 1846
• Cathedral of the Holy Spirit built.
• 1 July: Armenian Evangelical Church established.
• 23 July: House of Multiple Sciences established (predecessor of Istanbul University).
• 1848
• Küçük Mecidiye Mosque built.
• Nusretiye Clock Tower built.
• Ottoman Military College established.
• 1849 – 9 October: Bulgarian St. Stephen Church inaugurated.
• 1850
• 21 March: Istanbul Girls High School inaugurated.
• 22 March: Cağaloğlu Anadolu Lisesi established.
• 1851
• Hırka-i Şerif Mosque built.
• Emirgan Pier opened.
• 1852
• Taşkışla houses built.
• Taksim German Hospital founded.
• 1853 – Üsküdar Ferry Terminal opened.
• 1854 – Teşvikiye Mosque built.
• 1855
• Ihlamur Palace built.
• Dolmabahçe Mosque built.
• 1856
• 27 November: Lycée Notre Dame de Sion Istanbul established.
• Dolmabahçe Palace built in Beşiktaş.
• Ortaköy Mosque built.
• Ottoman Bank founded.
• Fenerbahçe Lighthouse built.
• 1857
• Küçüksu Palace built.
• Ahırkapı Feneri lighthouse built.
• 1859
• 12 February: Mekteb-i Mülkiye-i Şahane college established.
• Şişli Greek Orthodox Cemetery founded.
• 1861
• 14 April: Bulgarian Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Constantinople established.
• Adile Sultan Palace built.
• Al-Jawâ'ib begins publication.
• Liceo Italiano di Istanbul founded.
• 1862 – Tekel tobacco company founded.
• 1863
• 16 September: Robert College opened.
• First painting exhibition sponsored by Sultan Abdülaziz.
• 1865
• Beylerbeyi Palace built.
• Altunizade Mosque built.
• 1866 – Gedikpaşa Tiyatrosu theatre established.
• 1867 – Çırağan Palace built.
• 1868
• 1 April: Court of Cassation established.
• 1 May: Deutsche Schule Istanbul founded.
• Kandilli Observatory established.
• Galatasaray Museum established.
• 1870
• June 5: Fire in Pera.
• 24 November: Diyojen magazine founded.
• Malta Kiosk built.
• 1871
• Feriye Palace built.
• American College for Girls established in Arnavutköy.
• 1872
• Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque built.
• Haydarpaşa railway station opened.
• Pertevniyal High School founded.
• El Tiempo Ladino-language newspaper founded.
• 22 July:
• Bakırköy railway station opened.
• Küçükçekmece railway station opened.
• 27 July: Sirkeci railway station opened.
• 22 September:
• Bostancı railway station opened.
• Erenköy railway station opened.
• Feneryolu railway station opened.
• Kartal railway station opened.
• Küçükyalı railway station opened.
• 1873
• 27 April: Fenerbahçe railway station opened.
• Darüşşafaka High School founded.
• 1874 – Population: 827,750
• 1875
• 17 January:
• Beyoğlu (Tünel) railway station opened.
• Karaköy (Tünel) railway station opened.
• Esma Sultan Mansion built.
• 1876
• 3 January: Akhtar Persian-language magazine established.
• Muharrir magazine established.
• Üsküdar American Academy founded.
• Göztepe railway station built.
• 1877 – 18 December: Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights formed.
• 1878
• 26 June: Tercüman-ı Hakikat newspaper first published.
• Istanbul Bar Association established.
• 1879
• 12 October: Society for the Publication of Albanian Writings formed.
• 1880
• 14 September: Hagia Triada Greek Orthodox Church, Istanbul built.
• Yıldız Palace built.
• 1882
• Palazzo Corpi built.
• Ottoman Public Debt Administration building constructed.
• School of Fine Arts established.
• Numune-i Terakki school founded.
• 14 January: Istanbul Chamber of Commerce established.
• 1883
• School of Economics established.
• Orient Express (Paris–Istanbul) begins operating.
• Drita Albanian magazine begins publishing.
• 1886
• 1 September: Getronagan Armenian High School established.
• Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque built.
• 1887
• Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque built.
• Hidayet Mosque rebuilt.
• 1890
• Yıldız Clock Tower built.
• Kum Kapu demonstration.
• Tekel Birası brewery established.
• 1891 – 13 June: Imperial Museum founded.
• 1892
• Pera Palace Hotel built.
• Mekteb-i Aşiret-i Humayun school established.
• 1893 – Zografeion Lyceum inaugurated.
• 1894
• 10 July: an earthquake in the Gulf of Ä°zmit kills about 1,349 people.
• Pando's Creamery in business.
• 1895
• Dolmabahçe Clock Tower built.
• Russian Archaeological Institute of Constantinople established.
• Lycée Sainte-Euphémie established.
• 1896
• 1 January: Kurtuluş S.K. founded.
• 26 August: Occupation of the Ottoman Bank.
• 1897
• Treaty of Constantinople (1897).
• Istanbul Naval Museum established.
• Tokatlıyan Hotels built.
• 1899 – 20 April: Port of Haydarpaşa opened.

20th century

• 1900 – Port of Istanbul opened.
• 1901
• 27 January: German Fountain inaugurated.
• Ulus Sephardi Jewish Cemetery established.
• 1903
• 4 March: Beşiktaş J.K. founded.
• Moda F.C. founded.
• 1904
• Istanbul Football League established.
• Elpis F.C. founded.
• HMS Imogene F.C. founded.
• 1905
• 21 July: Yıldız assassination attempt.
• 30 October: Galatasaray S.K. founded.
• 1907
• 3 May: Fenerbahçe S.K. (football) founded.
• Khedive Palace built.
• Etfal Hospital Clock Tower built.
• 1908
• Istanbul declared a province with nine constituent districts.
• Ottoman National Olympic Society founded.
• Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium inaugurated.
• Kabataş Erkek Lisesi established.
• Karagöz magazine established.
• Osmanischer Lloyd established.
• Demet magazine established.
• Jamanak Armenian-language newspaper established.
• El Gugeton Ladino-language newspaper established.
• Vefa S.K. founded.
• Beykoz S.K.D. founded.
• Üsküdar Anadolu S.K. founded.
• Strugglers F.C. founded.
• 1909
• 31 March Incident
• National Bank of Turkey established.
• Scouting and Guiding Federation of Turkey predecessor formed.
• Al-Muntada al-Adabi formed.
• Shehbal magazine founded.
• Altınordu Ä°dman Yurdu S.K. founded.
• 1910
• Mısır Apartment built.
• Suadiye railway station opened.
• Hamevasser newspaper established.
• Apikoğlu company founded.
• 22 April: Hikmet magazine established.
• 1911
• Yıldız Technical University established.
• Istanbul International Community School established.
• Erenköy Girls High School established.
• Marmnamarz sports magazine begins publishing.
• Küçükçekmece S.K. founded.
• Beylerbeyi S.K. founded.
• Rumblers F.C. founded.
• 11 June: Greek Byzantine Catholic Church established.
• 23 July: Monument of Liberty, Istanbul completed.
• 1912
• Ä°nterbank moves to Constantinople.
• Church of St. Anthony of Padua, Istanbul built.
• Gülhane Park opens.
• Orfeon Records established.
• Istanbul Friday League established.
• Hilal S.K. founded.
• Telefoncular F.C. founded.
• 25 March: Turkish Hearths founded.
• 1913
• 23 January: 1913 Ottoman coup d'état.
• 29 September: Treaty of Constantinople
• Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum opens.
• Bebek Mosque built.
• Veliefendi Race Course opened.
• Anadolu Hisarı Ä°dman Yurdu S.K. founded.
• 1914
• Population: 1,125,000
• 25 January: Electric tram line begins operating on the European side.
• 11 February: Silahtarağa Power Station opened.
• 28 June: Darülbedayi founded.
• Metrohan Building built.
• Darülbedayi theatre founded.
• Istanbul Championship League established.
• Beyoğlu S.K. established.
• 1915
• 24 April: Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915.
• 15 June: The 20 Hunchakian gallows hanging occurs in Beyazıt Square.
• Göztepe railway station rebuilt.
• 1916
• Aviation Martyrs' Monument completed.
• Kandilli Anatolian High School for Girls established.
• 1917 – Darülelhan conservatory established.
• 1918
• 13 November: Occupation of Constantinople by Allied forces begins, per Armistice of Mudros.
• November: Karakol society founded against the occupation of Constantinople.
• 1919
• Sultanahmet demonstrations.
• Sultanahmet Jail built.
• Eyüpspor founded.
• 1920 – 5 March: Green Crescent established.
• 1921
• 15 January: Kasımpaşa S.K. founded.
• Taksim Stadium established.
• Istanbul Men's Volleyball League established.
• 1922 – Tayyare Apartments built.
• 1923
• 4 October: Allied occupation ends and the newly-formed Republic of Turkey takes control.
• 13 October: Turkish capital relocated from Istanbul to Ankara.
• Vatan newspaper established.
• Istanbul Maltepespor founded.
• 1924
• 7 May: Cumhuriyet newspaper established.
• 15 October: Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital founded.
• Airport opened in Yeşilköy.
• Emek (movie theater) opened.
• 1925 – 12 July: Apoyevmatini Greek-language newspaper founded.
• 1926
• 4 January: Ä°stanbulspor founded.
• Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han built.
• Fatih Karagümrük S.K. founded.
• 1927
• 6 March: Süreyya Opera House opened.
• Istanbul Basketball League established.
• Feriköy S.K. founded.
• 1928
• Electric tram line begins operating on the Asian side.
• Paşakapısı Prison established.
• 1929 – Istanbul Medical Chamber founded.
• 1930
• City renamed "Istanbul".
• Istanbul Shield established.
• 1931 – Italian Synagogue established.
• 1932 – Fil Bridge built.
• 1933
• 1 August: Istanbul University established.
• October: Güneş S.K. founded.
• Istanbul Zoology Museum established.
• 1934 – 26 September: Haydarpaşa High School established.
• 1936 –
• Istanbul University Observatory established.
• Beşiktaş Atatürk Anadolu Lisesi high school founded.
• 1938 – 10 November: Death of Atatürk.
• 1940
• 31 August: Marmara (newspaper) Armenian-language newspaper begins publishing.
• Berlin–Baghdad railway begins operating.
• Atatürk Bridge built.
• Sarıyer S.K. founded.
• Taksim S.K. founded.
• Population: 789,346.
• 1942 –
• VitrA (sanitaryware) company established.
• Istanbul Football Cup established.
• 1943 – Taksim Gezi Park built.
• 1944
• 22 February: Ülker company established.
• Faculty of Arts and Sciences Building, Istanbul University built.
• Yıldız Holding established.
• 1945
• Population: 860,558.
• Ali Sami Yen Stadium built.
• Beyti (Istanbul) restaurant founded.
• Aşiyan Museum established.
• Yıldırım Bosna S.K. founded.
• 1946
• Cezmi Or Memorial established.
• Modaspor (basketball) founded.
• 1947
• 19 May: Ä°nönü Stadium opens in Beşiktaş.
• 9 August: Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre opened.
• 29 October: Şalom begins publishing.
• 1948
• 1 May: Hürriyet newspaper begins publishing.
• Bütün Dünya periodical begins publishing.
• 1949
• 3 June: Istanbul Lütfi Kırdar International Convention and Exhibition Center opened.
• 18 August: Kartal S.K. founded.
• Şişli Mosque built.
• Ä°stanbul newspaper begins publishing.
• Bakırköyspor founded.
• 1950
• Population: 1,000,022.
• 3 May: Milliyet begins publishing.
• Hünkar (restaurant) established.
• Pendikspor founded.
• Paşabahçe S.K. founded.
• Alibeyköy S.K. founded.
• 1951
• 25 March: Neve Shalom Synagogue inaugurated.
• Ismet Baba Fish Restaurant established.
• 1952
• 9 March: ITU TV broadcast. First Turkish television broadcast.
• Türk Ticaret Bankası relocated to Istanbul.
• 1953
• 1 March: ITU School of Mines established.
• Tiled Kiosk opens as a museum.
• Zeytinburnuspor founded.
• 1954
• Arçelik company established.
• Alarko Holding company established.
• Migros Türk company established.
• İçmeler railway station opened.
• Akbank moves to Istanbul.
• Tuzlaspor founded.
• 1955
• 10 June: Hilton Istanbul Bosphorus opened.
• 6–7 September: Istanbul pogrom.
• 4 December:
• Cankurtaran railway station opened.
• Florya railway station opened.
• Kazlıçeşme railway station opened.
• Yenimahalle railway station opened.
• Zeytinburnu railway station opened.
• Beko company founded.
• Kadıköy Anadolu Lisesi founded.
• Adam Mickiewicz Museum, Istanbul founded.
• Küçükçekmece railway station rebuilt.
• Istanbul Women's Volleyball League established.
• 1956
• Divan Istanbul built.
• Demirören Group founded.
• Tekfen Construction and Installation founded.
• Tabanlıoğlu Architects founded.
• Yeşilyurt Women's Volleyball Team founded.
• 1957
• Enka Ä°nşaat ve Sanayi A.Ş. company founded.
• Pudding Shop restaurant opened.
• 1958
• Birleşik Fon Bankası founded.
• Banks Association of Turkey founded.
• Küçük Emek cinema opens.
• 1959
• Beşiktaş Anadolu Lisesi founded.
• Sait Faik Abasıyanık Museum opened.
• Karaköy Pier opened.
• Güzelyalı railway station opened.
• Bayrampaşaspor founded.
• 1960
• Erler Film company founded.
• Ekonomist magazine founded.
• 1961
• March: Hürriyet Daily News founded.
• Yenibosna S.K. founded.
• 1962
• E.C.A. Elginkan Anadolu Lisesi founded.
• Telsiz ve Radyo Amatörleri Cemiyeti founded.
• 1963 – Gaziosmanpaşaspor founded.
• 1964
• Askam (trucks) company founded.
• Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage opens.
• 1965
• Population: 2,293,823 (districts of Adalar, Bakırköy, Beşiktaş, Beykoz, Beyoğlu, Çatalca, Eyüp, Fatih, Gaziosmanpaşa, Kadıköy, Kartal, Sarıyer, Silivri, Şile, Şişli, Üsküdar, Yalova, and Zeytinburnu).
• Yapı Merkezi company founded.
• 1966 – Ä°dealtepe railway station opened.
• 1967
• 15 June: Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions of Turkey holds first meeting.
• Kaynarca railway station opened.
• Moğollar established.
• 1968
• Yedikule Anadolu Lisesi founded.
• Küçükköyspor founded.
• 1969
• 17 January: Vehbi Koç Foundation established.
• 16 February: Bloody Sunday (1969).
• 12 April: Atatürk Cultural Center dedicated.
• Efes Beverage Group established.
• 1970
• Eyüboğlu High School founded.
• 22 April: Türkiye newspaper begins publishing.
• 1971
• 2 November: Beyoğlu station re-opened after reconstruction.
• Turkish Industry and Business Association established.
• Turkish Society for Electron Microscopy established.
• 1972 – Desa company established.
• 1973
• 12 January: Millî Gazete begins publishing.
• 19 April: Dostluk S.K. founded.
• Bosphorus Bridge built.
• Ömerli Dam built.
• 50th Anniversary of the Republic Sculptures erected.
• Istanbul International Music Festival begins.
• Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts established.
• 1974
• 10 September: Haliç Bridge opened.
• Derimod company founded.
• 1975
• 30 January: Turkish Airlines Flight 345 crash.
• Çukurova (construction firm) established.
• Istanbul Technical University Turkish Music State Conservatory founded.
• 1976
• Muhammad Maarifi Mosque built.
• Çamlıca TRT Television Tower built.
• Polin Waterparks company founded.
• 1977
• 1 May: Taksim Square massacre.
• 1978 – December: Kadınca women's magazine begins publishing.
• 1979 – Istanbul Marathon begins.
• 1980
• 14 October: Sadberk Hanım Museum opened.
• Cengiz Holding established.
• Bogazici University Sports Fest founded.
• 1981
• 2 March: Dünya founded.
• Koçbank founded.
• Can Yayınları publishing company founded.
• Metris Prison established.
• 1982
• 19 February: Güneş founded.
• International Istanbul Film Festival begins.
• Istanbul Book Fair inaugurated.
• Atatürk High School of Science, Istanbul established.
• World Trade Center Istanbul established.
• Timas Publishing Group established.
• Ä°letişim Yayınları publishing company established.
• Kaynak Yayınları publishing company established.
• Malta Kiosk restored and re-opened.
• Ezginin Günlüğü band formed.
• 1983
• ITU Mustafa Inan Library opened.
• Enka SK founded.
• Ä°stanbul Güngörenspor founded.
• 1984
• March: Hotel Yeşil Ev established.
• March 23: Municipality of Greater Istanbul established.
• Population: 2,951,000 (estimate).
• 1986 – 6 September: Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre. Gunmen kill 22 Jews in an attack orchestrated by Palestinian militant Abu Nidal.
• 1987
• The districts of Büyükçekmece, Kağıthane, Küçükçekmece, Pendik and Ümraniye are created.
• 1 October: Galleria Ataköy opened.
• 1988
• 9 May: TGC Press Media Museum established.
• 3 July: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge built.
• Koç School opened.
• 1989
• 3 September: Istanbul Metro begins operating.
• Kadıköy Haldun Taner Stage in use.
• 1990
• Ä°stanbul Başakşehir F.K. established.
• The district of Bayrampaşa is created.
• 1991 – Swissôtel The Bosphorus opened.
• 1992
• 1 March: Neve Shalom Synagogue bomb attack. No casualties or damage.
• The districts of Avcılar, Bağcılar, Bahçelievler, Güngören, Maltepe, Sultanbeyli, and Tuzla are created.
• 13 June: T1 (Istanbul Tram) line opened.
• Istanbul Hezarfen Airfield opened.
• 1993
• Sabancı Center built.
• International Defence Industry Fair established.
• Akbank Sanat opened.
• Koç University opened.
• 6–7 May: 2nd ECO Summit held.
• 18 December: Akmerkez opened.
• The district of Esenler is created.
• 1994
• 31 October: Istanbul Bilgi University established.
• December: Galata Bridge rebuilt.
• Esenler Coach Terminal built.
• Recep Tayyip Erdoğan becomes mayor of greater Istanbul.
• Population: 7,615,500 in city (approximate estimate).
• 1995
• 12–15 March: Gazi Quarter riots.
• The district of Yalova is separated from Istanbul Province and Yalova Province is created.
• 1996
• United Nations Conference on Human Settlements held.
• Üsküdar Belediyespor founded.
• 1998 – Ahmet Cömert Sport Hall built.
• 1999
• 13–14 March: 1999 Istanbul bombings.
• 26 July – 1 August: 1999 European Aquatics Championships held.
• The 7.6 Ä°zmit earthquake shakes northwestern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), leaving 17,118–17,127 dead and 43,953–50,000 injured in the region.
• Changa (restaurant) established.

21st century

• 2000
• Population: 10,018,735.
• Tekstilkent Plaza built.
• 6 May: Istanbul Postal Museum established.
• 26 August: Isbank Tower 1 built.
• 16 September: M2 (Istanbul Metro) opened.
• 2001
• Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport opened.
• 21 September: Tepe Nautilus mall opened.
• 2002
• Tekfen Tower built.
• Endem TV Tower built.
• Sakıp Sabancı Museum opened.
• 2003
• Istanbul Pride begins.
• 2 May: Miniatürk opened.
• November: 2003 Istanbul bombings.
• Miniatürk park opens.
• 2004
• City boundaries become coterminous with those of Istanbul Province.
• Kadir Topbaş becomes mayor of Greater Istanbul.
• March 9, 2004 attack on Istanbul restaurant.
• 12 and 15 May: Eurovision Song Contest 2004 held.
• 28–29 June: City hosts 2004 Istanbul summit.
• 11 December: Ä°stanbul Modern museum of art opened.
• 2005 – April: Sabancı Performing Arts Center opens in Tuzla.
• 2006 – 6 June: Kanyon Shopping Mall opened.
• 2007
• 19 January: Assassination of Hrant Dink.
• 29 April: Republic Protest.
• 12 September: T4 (Istanbul Tram) opened.
• Şişli Plaza built.
• Süreyya Opera House in Kadıköy.
• 2008
• The districts of Arnavutköy, Ataşehir, Başakşehir, Beylikdüzü, Çekmeköy, Esenyurt, Sancaktepe, and Sultangazi are created. The district Eminönü is abolished and merged into Fatih.
• 1 February: Istanbul fireworks explosion in Davutpaşa.
• 9 July: 2008 United States consulate in Istanbul attack.
• 21 July: 70 Million Steps Against Coups.
• 27 July: 2008 Istanbul bombings.
• Labour strike in Tuzla.
• 2009
• 7 May: Şakirin Mosque opened.
• 17 October: Istanbul Congress Center opened
• City districts increased from 32 to 39.
• Istanbul Congress Center built.
• Depo art space founded.
• 2010
• 14 January: Harbiye Muhsin Ertuğrul Stage rebuilt.
• 28 August – 12 September: 2010 FIBA World Championship held.
• 31 October: 2010 Istanbul bombing.
• Baklahorani (carnival) revived.

• 2011
• 4 March: Istanbul Sapphire opened.
• 18 March: Istanbul Shopping Fest inaugurated.
• July: Istanbul Justice Palace built.
• 6 October: Ora Arena opened.
• 2012
• 26 February 2012 Istanbul rally to commemorate the Khojaly massacre held.
• 17 August: M4 (Istanbul Metro) line opened.
• Sancaklar Mosque built.
• MEF University opened.
• Forensic Science Institute of Turkey opened.
• Museum of Innocence opens.
• Population: 13,854,740.
• 2013
• 28 May: Gezi Park protests begin in Taksim Square.
• 14 June: M3 (Istanbul Metro) line opened.
• 10 October: Zorlu Center opened.
• 29 October:
• Marmaray Tunnel phase of the Marmaray project opened for public use.
• Ayrılık Çeşmesi railway station opened.
• 2014
• 15 February: Golden Horn Metro Bridge opened.
• 1 September: Raffles Istanbul hotel opened.
• 29 November: Pope Francis visit to meet with Patriarch Bartholomew I and Muslim leaders.
• Sancaklar Mosque built in Büyükçekmece.https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-32016398
• Istanbul Half Marathon established.
• 2015
• 6 January: 2015 Istanbul suicide bombing.
• 17 March: 2015 SAHA Istanbul, Defence, Aviation and Space Clustering Association established.
• 19 April: M6 (Istanbul Metro) line opened.
• 26 May: Mehmet Çakır Cultural and Sports Center opened.
• 1 December: 2015 Istanbul metro bombing.
• 23 December: 2015 Sabiha Gökçen Airport bombing.
• 2016
• 12 January: January 2016 Istanbul bombing.
• 19 March: March 2016 Istanbul bombing.
• 11 April: Vodafone Park opened.
• 7 June: June 2016 Istanbul bombing.
• 28 June: Istanbul Atatürk Airport attack.
• 15–16 July: 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt.
• 20 August: Beykoz University established.
• 23 August: Özgürlükçü Demokrasi launched.
• 26 August: Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge opened.
• 6 October: October 2016 Istanbul bombing.
• 10 December: December 2016 Istanbul bombings.
• 22 December: Eurasia Tunnel opened.
• 2017
• 1 January: 2017 Istanbul nightclub shooting.
• 9 July: 2017 March for Justice.
• 29 October: F3 (Istanbul Metro) line opened.
• 15 December: M5 (Istanbul Metro) line opened.
• Population: 15,029,231 (estimate, urban agglomeration).
• 2018
• Saha Expo first held.
• 20–23 September: Teknofest Istanbul held.
• 29 October: Istanbul Airport opened.
• Prince MBS of Saudi Arabia sends a group of government agents to murder prominent critic, Jamal Khashoggi. His death is just a few days before his sixtieth birthday.
• 2019
• Opposition candidate Ekrem Imamoglu won the repeat race for Istanbul's mayor.
• 2022
• 13 November: an explosion on Ä°stiklal Avenue in the Beyoğlu district left at least six people dead and 81 injured.
• 2024
• 2024 Istanbul Palace of Justice attack: an armed attack on a police station took place near the Istanbul Justice Palace.
• Ekrem Ä°mamoğlu was reelected as Istanbul Mayor for a second term in 2024.
• 2025
• 2025 Turkish protests: hundreds of thousands of pro-democracy demonstrators gathered in the streets of Istanbul.

See also

• History of Istanbul
• List of mayors of Istanbul
• List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, 1450s–1920s
• of other cities in Turkey: Ankara, Bursa, Ä°zmir

References

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Turkish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in 18th–19th centuries

Published in 20th century

Published in 21st century

• Europe's Muslim Capital by Philip Mansel in the June 2003 issue of History Today

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Istanbul, various dates.