The Mogilev uezd was a county (uezd) of the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Letichev and Litin uezds to the north, the Yampol uezd to the east, the Soroka uezd to the south, and the Ushitsa uezd to the west. The administrative centre of the county was Mogilev-Podolsky (modern-day Mohyliv-Podilskyi). The uezd included most of Mohyliv-Podilskyi and Zhmerynka Raions of Ukraine.
The subcounties (volosts) of the Mogilev uezd in 1912 were as follows:
At the time of the Russian Empire Census on , the Mogilev uezd had a population of 227,672, including 112,856 men and 114,816 women. The majority of the population indicated Little Russian to be their mother tongue, with a significant Jewish speaking minority.