This article lists the Indigenous languages of South America. Extinct languages are marked by dagger signs (âÂÂ).
Demographics by country
Demographics of Indigenous languages of South America by country as of 2012, as reported by Crevels (2012):
Languages by classification
Jolkesky (2016)
Jolkesky (2016) lists 43 language families and 66 language isolates (and/or unclassified languages) in South America â a total of 109 independent families and isolates.
Andoke-Urekena
Arawa
Barbakoa
Bora-Muinane
Chacha-Cholon-Hibito
Chapakura-Wañam
Charrua
Chibcha
Choko
Chon
Duho
Guahibo
Harakmbet-Katukina
Jaqi
Jirajara âÂÂ
Jivaro
Karib
Kawapana
Kechua
- Kechua I
- Kechua Pacaraos
- Kechua I, Central
- Wallaga
- Kechua Ambo-Pasco
- Kechua Cajatambo
- Kechua Wallaga
- Kechua Wamalies
- Kechua Junin
- Kechua Tusi Pasco
- Wankay
- Kechua Waylla Wanka
- Kechua Jauja-Wanka
- Waylay
- Kechua Conchucos, Southern
- Kechua Conchucos, Northern
- Kechua Corongo
- Kechua Waylas
- Kechua Siwas
- Yauyos
- Kechua Yauyos
- Kechua II
- Kechua Chincha âÂÂ
- Kechua Cusco, Classical âÂÂ
- Kechua IIa
- Kechua Cajamarca-Lambayeque
- Kechua Cajamarca
- Kechua Lambayeque
- Kechua Laraos-Lincha
- Kechua Laraos
- Kechua Lincha
- Kechua IIb
- Kechua Chachapoyas
- Kechua San Martin
- Kichua, Equatorial
- Inga
- Kichua Chimborazo
- Kichua Imbabura
- Kichua Kañar-Loja
- Kichua Napo
- Kichua Pastaza
- Kichua Pichincha
- Kichua Salasaca
- Kichua Tena
- Kechua IIc
- Kechua Ayacucho
- Kechua Cusco-Boliviano
- Kechua Apolo
- Kechua Arequipa
- Kechua Boliviano
- Kechua Cusco, Modern
- Kechua Puno
- Kechua Santiagueño
Lengua-Maskoy
Macro-Arawak
Macro-Mataguayo-Guaykuru
Macro-Jê
Mapudungun
Moseten-Tsimane
Mura-Matanawi
Nambikwara
Otomako-Taparita âÂÂ
Pano-Takana
Peba-Yagua
Puinave-Nadahup
Puri âÂÂ
Tallan âÂÂ
Timote-Kuika
Tinigua-Pamigua
Tukano
Tupi
Uru-Chipaya
Warpe âÂÂ
Witoto-Okaina
Yanomami
Zamuko
Zaparo
Isolates
Campbell (2012)
Lyle Campbell (2012) proposed the following list of 53 uncontroversial indigenous language families and 55 isolates of South America â a total of 108 independent families and isolates.
Aikaná (Aikanã, HuarÃÂ, WarÃÂ, Masaká, Tubarão, Kasupá, Mundé, Corumbiara)
AndaquàâÂÂ
Andoque (Andoke, Choüoje, Patsiaehé)
Arawakan (Arahuacan, Maipurean, Maipuran)
- Northern Arawakan (Upper Amazon, Maritime, and Eastern branches)
- Upper Amazon branch
- Western Nawiki sub-branch
- Wainumá group
- Wainumá â (Waima, Wainumi, Waiwana, Waipa, Yanuma)
- Mariaté âÂÂ
- Anauyá âÂÂ
- Piapoco group
- Achagua (Ajagua, Xagua)
- Piapoco
- Amarizana âÂÂ
- CabiyarÃÂ (CaviyarÃÂ, KaviyarÃÂ, CabiuarÃÂ, CauyarÃÂ, Cuyare)
- Warekena group
- Guarequena (Warekena, Guarenquena, Arequena)
- Mandahuaca (Mandawaka, Mandauaca, Maldavaca, Ihini, Arihini, Maldavaca, Cunipusana, Yavita, Mitua)
- RÃÂo Negro group âÂÂ
- Jumana âÂÂ
- Pasé âÂÂ
- Kawishana â (Cawishana, Kaiwishana, Kayuwishana)
- Yucuna (Jukuna) (dialects or languages)
- Yucuna (Chucuna, MatapÃÂ) (Jukuna)
- Garú â (Guarú)
- Eastern Nawiki sub-branch
- Tariana (Tariano, Tarîna, Taliáseri)
- Karu (dialects or languages)
- Ipeka-Kurripako (dialects or language)
- Karútana-Baniwa (Baniva) dialect group
- KatapolÃÂtani-Moriwene-Mapanai (dialects or language)
- ResÃÂgaro
- Central Upper Amazon sub-branch
- Baré group
- Marawá âÂÂ
- Baré (Bare, Ihini, Barawana, Barauna, Barauana, Arihini, Maldavaca, Cunipusana, Yavita, Mitua), Guinao â (Guinaú) (Aikhenvald (1999a: 71) mentions Guinau with Bare.)
- Yavitero group
- Yavitero â (Yavitano)
- Baniva âÂÂ
- Maipure â (Aikhenvald (1999a: 71) gives Yavitero and Baniwa of Yavita as alternative names for a single language.)
- Manao group
- Manao âÂÂ
- KariaàâÂÂ
- Arawakan Upper-Amazon branch languages of uncertain grouping
- Waraikú âÂÂ
- Yabaána â (Jabaana, Yabarana)
- Wiriná âÂÂ
- Xiriâna â (Shiriana)
- Maritime branch (Caribbean)
- Aruán â (Aruá, Aroã)
- Mawayana (Mahuayana, Mapidian)
- Wapixana (Wapishana, Wapixiána, Wapisiana, Uapixana, Vapidiana) (dialects or languages) (dialects: Amariba, Atorai)
- Ta-Maipurean sub-branch
- TaÃÂno âÂÂ
- Guajiro group
- Guajiro (Goahiro, Goajiro, Guajira, Wayuunaiki, Wayuu)
- Paraujano (Añún) (dialects: Alile, Toa)
- Arawak (Locono, Lokono, Aruak, Arowak)
- Iñeri (Igneri, Island Carib) (dialects or languages)
- KalhÃÂphona â (Island Carib)
- GarÃÂfuna (Black Carib)
- Eastern branch
- Palikur (Palikour, Palicur, Palijur) (dialects or languages)
- Marawán-Karipurá âÂÂ
- Southern division
- Western branch
- Amuesha (Amuese, Amoesha, Amueixa, Amoishe, Amagues, Amage, Omage, Amajo, Lorenzo, Amuetamo, Amaje, Yanesha)
- Chamicuro (Chamicura, Chamicolo)
- Central branch
- ParesÃÂ group
- ParesÃÂ (ParecÃÂs, ParetÃÂ, Haliti)
- Saraveca â (Sarave)
- Waurá group
- Waurá-Meinaku (Uara, Aura, Mahinacu)
- YawalapitÃÂ (Jaulapiti, Yaulapiti)
- Custenau â (Kustenau)
- Southern Outlier branch
- Terena (Tereno, Terêna, Etelena, Guaná, Chané, Kinikinao) (dialects: Kinikanao, Etelena (Terena), Guaná)
- Mojo group
- Mojo (Morocosi, Mojeño, Moxeño, Moxo) (dialects or languages)
- Ignaciano
- Trinitario (dialects: Loreto (Loretano), Javierano)
- Bauré (Chiquimiti, Joaquiniano may be a dialect of Bauré)
- Paunaca (Pauna-Paicone (Paiconeca))
- Piro group
- Piro (dialects: Chontaquiro, Maniteneri, Maxineri)
- Iñapari (InamarÃÂ) (dialects: Inapari/InamarÃÂ, Cuchitineri (Kushitineri), Cuniba)
- Kanamaré â (Canamaré)
- Apuriná (Apurinã, Ipuriná, Kangite (Cangaiti), Popengare)
- Campa branch (Campa dialects or languages)
- Ashéninka (Ashéninga)
- Asháninka (Asháninga)
- Caquinte (Kakinte)
- Pajonal Ashéninka (Pajonal Campa)
- Machiguenga (Matsiguenga, Matsigenka) (dialects: Caquinte (Poyenisate), Nomatsiguenga (Atiri), Machiguenga)
- Nomatsigenga
- Nanti
- Other Arawakan languages too scantily known to determine to which branch of the family they belong:
- Cumeral (Ethnologue)
- Shebaya â (Shebayo, Shebaye) (David Payne 1991: 366âÂÂ367)
- Lapachu (Apolista, Aguachile)
- Morique â (Morike)
- Ponares (Ethnologue)
- Omejes (Ethnologue)
- Salumã (Rodrigues 1986: 72)
- Tomedes (Tamudes)
Arawan (Arauán, Arahuan, Arawa)
- Paumarà(Purupurú, PamarÃÂ, PalmarÃÂ, Curucuru) (dialects: Kurukuru, Uaiai, Paumarà(Pammari))
- Madi (Jarawara (Jarauára, Jaruára), Jamamadi, Banawá (Banivá, Baniwá-JafÃÂ, Kitiya, Banavá, Banauá, JafÃÂ))
- Zuruahá (Suruahá, Sorowahá)
- DenÃÂ-Kulina
- DenÃÂ (dialect: Inauini)
- Culina (KulÃÂna; Madihá, Madija, Corina)
- Arawá â (Arua, Arauan)
Atacameño â (Cunza, Kunza, Atacama, Lipe Lican Antai)
Awaké (Ahuaqué, Oewacu, Arutani, Uruák)
Aymaran (Jaqi, Aru)
Baenan â (Baena, Baenã)
Barbacoan
- Northern group
- Awan (Awa)
- Awa Pit (Cuaiquer, Coaiquer, Kwaiker, Awa)
- Pasto-Muellama
- Muellama â (Muellamués)
- Pasto âÂÂ
- Coconucan (Guambiano-Totoró)
- Guambiano (Mogües, Moguez, Moguex, Wam, Misak, Guambiano-Moguez, Namdrik)
- Totoró (Totoro, Polindara)
- Coconuco â (Kokonuko, Cauca, Wanaka)
- Southern group
- Chaüpalaachi (Cayapa, Chachi, Nigua)
- Tsafiki (Colorado, Colima, Campaz, Tsáchela, Tsachila, Tsafiqui)
Extinct: Barbacoa; Cara (Kara, Caranqui, Karanki, Imbaya); Pasto (Muellamués (Muellama)), Sindagua (Malla), and Coconuco
Betoi â (Betoy, Jirarra, Jirarru)
Boran (Bora-Muinane)
Bororoan
- Eastern Bororo (Bororo proper, Boe)
- Western Bororo
- Umutina â (Umotina, Barbado)
- Otuque â (Otuké, Otuqui, Louxiru) (dialects: Coraveca (Corave, Curave, Ecorabe), Curuminaca, Curumina, Curucaneca, Curucane, Tapii)
Cahuapanan (Jebero, Kawapanan, Kahuapanan; earlier called Maina, Mainan)
- Cahuapana â (Cuncho, Chuncho, Concho, Chonzo)
- Chayahuita (Chawi, Chayabita, Chayhuita, Balsopuertino, Paranapura, Cahuapa; Chayawita, Tshaahui, TsaawÃÂ, Chayabita, Shayabit, Balsapuertino; Paranapura)
- Jebero (Xebero, Chebero, Xihuila, Shiwilu)
Camsá (Sibundoy, Sebondoy, Coche, Kamsá, Kamemtxa, Kamse, Camëntsëá, Mocoa, Quillacinga)
Cañar-Puruhá âÂÂ
Candoshi (Candoxi, Maina, Kandoshi, Shapra, Murato, Roamaina)
Canichana â (Canesi, Kanichana, Canisiana)
Cariban
- Venezuelan branch (Gildea 2003)
- Pemóng-Panare macro-group
- Pemóng group (Kapóng, (Akawaio, Patamuna, Ingarikó), Makushi, Pemón (Taurepang, Kamarakóto, Arekuna))
- Panare
- Mapoyo-Tamanaku macro-group
- Mapoyo/Yawarana (Mapoyo, Wanai, Yawarana, Pémono)
- Tamanaku âÂÂ
- Pekodian branch
- BakairÃÂ
- Arara group: Arara (ParirÃÂ), Ikpéng (Txikão)
- Subgroups not yet classified in possible larger subgroups in the family:
- Kumaná â (Chaima â , Cumanagota â )
- Makiritare (De'kwana, Ye'kwana, Maiongong)
- Nahukwa group: Kuikúru, Kalapalo
- Parukotoan group
- Katxúyana (Kaxuiâna, Shikuyana, Warikyana)
- Waiwai subgroup: Waiwai (Wabui, Tunayana), Hixkaryana
- Taranoan group
- Tiriyo subgroup: Akuriyo, Tiriyo, Trio
- Karihona (Carijona)
- Yukpa group: Yukpa, Japréria
- Languages not yet classified within possible subgroups:
- ApalaÃÂ
- Kari'nja (Carib, Kalinya, Cariña, Galibi)
- WaimirÃÂ AtroarÃÂ
- Wayana
Cayuvava â (Cayuwaba, Cayubaba, Kayuvava)
Chapacuran (Chapakuran, Txapakuran)
- Itene group (Central Chapacuran)
- Wanham (Wañam, Wanyam, Huanyam)
- Kumaná (Torá, Toraz, Cumana, Cautario) (Abitana-Kumaná)
- KabixÃÂ (Cabishi, CabichÃÂ, Habishi, ParecÃÂs, Pawumwa)
- Itene (Iteneo, Iténez, Moré)
- Wari group (Southern Chapacuran)
- Quitemo â (Quitemoca) (Kitemo-Nape)
- Chapacura â (Huachi, Wachi, Tapacura, Chapakura)
- Urupá-Jarú (Txapakura; Yaru, Jaru, Ituarupa)
- Orowari (Pakaás-novos, Pacasnovas, Pacaha-novo, Uariwayo, Uomo, Jaru, Oro Wari)
- Oro Win
Charrúan âÂÂ
Chibchan
- Paya (Pech)
- Core Chibchan
- Votic
- Rama (Melchora, Voto, Boto, Arama, Arrama)
- Guatuso (Malecu)
- Isthmic
- Western Isthmic
- Viceitic
- Cabécar (Chirripó, Tucurrique, Estrella)
- Bribri (ViceÃÂta)
- Teribe (Térraba, TiribÃÂ, Tirub)
- Boruca â (Brunca)
- Doracic
- Dorasque â (Chumulu, Gualaca)
- Chánguena â (Chánguina, Chánguene)
- Eastern Isthmic
- GuaymÃÂic
- Movere (Move, GuaymÃÂ, Penonomeño, Ngawbere/Ngäbere) (dialects: Inland Bocas del Toro, Coastal Bocas del Toro, ChiriquÃÂ)
- Bocotá (Murire, Muoi, GuaymàSabanero, Movere Sabanero)
- Cuna (Cueva, Paya-Pocuro, Kuna)
- Magdalenic
- Southern Magdalenic
- Chibcha
- Muisca â (Mosca, Chibcha)
- Duit âÂÂ
- Tunebo (Uwa, Uw Cuwa; Tame, SÃÂnsiga, TegrÃÂa, Pedraza) (dialects: CobarÃÂa, TegrÃÂa, Agua Blanca, Barro Negro)
- Barà(Motilón, DobocubÃÂ, Cunaguasaya)
- Northern Magdalenic
- Arhuacic
- Cogui (Cágaba, Kogi, Kogui, Coghui, Kagaba)
- Eastern-Southern Arhuacic
- Eastern Arhuacic
- Damana (Guamaca, Sanká, Sanhá, Arsario, Malayo, Marocasero, Wiwa)
- Kankuama (Atanques)
- Ica (BÃÂntucua, Ika, Arhuaco, Bintuk)
- Chimila (Chamila, Caca Weranos, San Jorge, Shimizya)
- Unclassified
- Huetar âÂÂ
- Antioqueño â (two varieties: Nutabe and CatÃÂo (not to be confused with the Emberá (Chocoan) variety called CatÃÂo).
Chipaya-Uru (Uru-Chipaya, Uruquilla)
Chiquitano (Besïro, Chiquito, Tarapecosi)
Chocoan
- Waunana (Noanamá, Huaunana, Woun Meu, Waun Meo, Waumeo, Wounmeu, Wounaan, Noanama, Noenama, Nonama, Chocama, Chanco)
- Emberá dialect continuum (CatÃÂo, ChamÃÂ, NapipàRiver, Saija, Sambú)
- Southern Emberá
- Northern Emberá (Emperã, Eberã Bed'ea, Eperã Pedea, Atrato, Darién, Dariena, Panama Embera, Eberã, Cholo (Choco))
Cholonan â (Hibito-Cholon)
Chonan (Tehuelchean, Chon family)
- Chonan proper
- Island Chonan
- Selkünam â (Selknam, Shelknam, Ona, Aona)
- Haush â (Manekenken)
- Continental Chonan
- Tehuelche (Aoniken, Aonek'enk, Inaquen, Patagón)
- Teushen â (Tehues, Patagón)
- Patagón Costero âÂÂ
- Gününa-Küne â (Gennaken, Northern Tehuelche, Puelche, Pampa, Gününa Yajich)
Chono âÂÂ
Cofán (Kofan, A'ingaé)
Culle â (Culli, Ilinga, Linga)
Esmeralda â (Esmeraldeño, Tacame)
Gamela â (Barbados, Curinsi, Acobu)
Guach' âÂÂ
Guaicuruan (Waikuruan, Waykuruan)
Guajiboan (Guahiboan)
- Guajibo (Guahibo, Guaybo, Sikuani, Sicuani, Guajibo, Goahibo, Guaigua, Guayba, Wahibo, Goahiva, Hiwi) (dialects: Guahibo (Sikuani), Amorua (Rio Tomo Guahibo), Tigrero)
- Cuiva (Cuiba, Cuiba-Wámonae) (dialects: Chiricoa, Masiware (Masiguare), Chiripo (Wupiwi, Siripu), Yarahuuraxi-Capanapara, Mayayero, Mochuelo-Casanare-Cuiba, Tampiwi (Mariposas), Amaruwa (Amorua), Mella, Ptamo, Sicuane (Sicuari))
- Churuya âÂÂ
- Guayabero (CunimÃÂa, Jiw, MÃÂtus, MÃÂtua)
Guamo âÂÂ
Guató
Harákmbut-Katukinan
- Harákmbut (Harakmbet, Hate, Tuyoneri, "Mashco")
- (several dialects in two clusters: (1: Huachipaeri, Toyoeri (Tuyoneri, Tuyuneri); 2: Amaracaeri (Amarakaeri), Sapiteri, Arasaeri)
- Katukinan (Catuquinan)
- Katukina (Catuquina, Katukina do JutaÃÂ) (dialect: Cutiadapa (Kutia-Dyapa))
- Dyapá (Southern Katukinan, Tshom-Djapá (Txunhuã-Djapá), CanamarÃÂ, KanamarÃÂ) (perhaps the same as Tucundiapa (Tucano Dyapa, Hondiapa/Hon-Dyapá))
- KatawixÃÂ (Catawixi, Catauixi, Catawishi, Catauichi)
Huarpean â (Warpean)
Irantxe (Iranxe, Iranche, Iranshe, Mynky, Münkü, Menki, Manoki, Myky)
Itonama (Saramo, Machoto)
JabutÃÂan (YabutÃÂan)
Jêan (Gêan, Jê family)
- Northeastern Jê (Northern Jê)
- TimbÃÂra (Canela (Kanela)), Krenjé, Krahó, Pykobyê)
- Kreen-Akarore (IpewÃÂ, Kren-Akarore, Creen-Acarore, Panará)
- Apinajé (Apinayé)
- Kayapó (Cayapó, Kokairmoro) (dialects: Xikrin (Xukru, Diore), Kararaó, Kayapó-Kradaú)
- Suyá (dialects: Beiço de Pau (Tapayuna), Yaruma (Jarumá, Waiku))
- Central Jê (Akwe branch)
- Xavánte (Shavante, Chavante, A'uwe, A'we, Uptabi, Akuên, Akwen, Crisca, Pusciti, Tapacua)
- Akroá â (Akroá-Mirim, Acroá, Koroá, Coroá)
- Xerénte (Sherenté, Xerenti)
- Xakriabá â (Chicriaba, Chakriaba, Shacriaba, Chikriaba)
- Southern Jê
- Kaingang (Coroado, Coroados, Caingang, Bugre) (dialects: Paraná Kaingang, Central Kaingang, Southwest Kaingang, Southeast Kaingang)
- Xokléng (Shocleng, Aweikoma, Bugre, Botocudos)
- Ingáin â (Tains, Tain)
- Wayaná â (Guayaná, Guayana, GualachÃÂ, Guanhanan)
Jirajaran âÂÂ
Jivaroan
Jotà(Yoana, Yuana, Yuwana, Waruwaru (Waruwádu), Chicano, Chikano, Joti, Jodi, HotÃÂ, Hodï)
Kaliana (Sapé, Calianá, Cariana, Chirichano)
Kamakanan âÂÂ
Kapixaná (Kanoê, Capixana)
Karajá (Caraja, Xambioá, Chamboa, Ynã, Karayá)
KarirÃÂan â (Kariràfamily)
Krenakan (Botocudoan, Aimoré language complex)
- Krenak (Botocudo, Aimoré, Nakrehé, Nakpié, Naknyanúk, Etwet, Minyãyirún, Yiporók, Pojitxá, Potén, Krekmún, Bakuén, Aranã, Batachoa, Crenaque)
- Guêren â (Guerén, Gren, Borun, Borúm)
Kwaza (Koayá, Koaiá, Quaiá, Arara)
Leco â (Lapalapa, Leko, Rik'a, Ateniano)
Lule-Vilelan âÂÂ
Jukude â (Máko, Maco, Makú, Macu)
Nadahup (Makúan, Makú family, Makú-Puinavean, Puinavean, Vaupés-Japura family, Guaviaré-Japurá family)
- Eastern Makúan
- Nadëb branch
- Roçando Nadëb
- Rio Negro Nadëb
- Dâw-Hupda-Yuhup
- Dâw (Kamã, Kamã Makú, Kamarada, Makú-Kamarada)
- Hupda-Yuhup
- Hup (Hupda, Hupdë, Hupdá Makú, Macú de Tucano, Ubdé) (dialects: Hupdë, Tuhup, Nëhup)
- Yuhup (Makú-Yahup, Yëhup, Yahup, Yahup Makú, "Maku")
- Western Makúan
- Kakua group
- Kakua (Cacua, Bará, Macu de Cubeo, Macu de Guanano, Macu de Desano, Báda, Kákwa) (dialects: Vaupés Cacua, Macú-Paraná Cacua)
- Nukak
- Puinave (Wonsüht, Wãnsöhöt)
Mapudungun (Mapudungu, Araucano, Mapuche, Maputongo, Chiledugu, "Auca")
Mascoyan (Mascoian, Maskoyan, Lengua-Mascoy, Enlhet-Enenlhet)
Matacoan (Mataco-Mataguayan, Mataguayan)
- Chorote (ChorotÃÂ, Manjuy) (dialects: Iyo'wujwa, Yohwaha, Manjuy)
- Nivaclé (Niwaklé, ChulupÃÂ, Ashlushlay)
- Maká (Macá, Enimaca, Enimaga)
- Wichà(Mataco, Mataguayo, Weenhayek) (dialects: Nocten, Güisnay (Pilcomayo WichÃÂ), Vejos (Vejoz, Aiyo, Hueshuo))
Matanauàâ (MatanawÃÂ, Mitandua, Moutoniway)
MaxakalÃÂan
Mochica â (Yunga, Yunca, Chimú, Mochica, Muchic)
Mosetenan (Mosetén-Chimane)
Movima (Mobima, Moyma, Movime)
Munichi â (Muniche, Munichino, Otanabe)
Muran
Nambikwaran (Nambicuaran, Nambiquaran, Nambikuaran)
- Mamaindê (Northern Nambiquara, Mamande, Nakarothe) (dialects: Mamaindé, Negarotê, Tawanxte, Taxmainite, Taxwensite, Yalapmunxte (Lacondê, Latundê)
- Southern Nambikuaran
- Nambiquara (Nambikwara) (dialects: Manduka, Khithaulhu, Halotesu, Saxwentesu, Wakalitesu, Serra Azul, Hahaintesu, Wasusu, Alatesu, Waikisu, Galera)
- Kithãulhú (Southern Nambiquara) (dialect complex: Kabishi, Nambiquara, etc.)
- Sararé
- Sabané (Sabanés)
Natú â (Peagaxinan)
Ofayé â (Opayé, Ofayé-Xavante, Opaié-Shavante, Ofaié)
Omurano â (Humurana, Numurana)
Otomacoan âÂÂ
Paezan
Pankarurú â (Pancararu, Pancarurú, Brancararú, Pankarará, Pankarú, Pancaru, Pancaré, Pankaravu, Pankaroru)
Pano-Takanan
- Panoan
- Mayoruna branch
- Mayo group
- Matses
- Korubo (Chankuëshbo as co-dialect)
- Dëmushbo
- Kulina
- Matis
- Mainline branch
- Kasharari
- Core Mainline branch
- Kashibo (Kakataibo as co-dialect)
- Nawa group
- Chakobo; (Pakawara as co-dialect)
- Marubo subgroup
- Marubo
- Katukina
- Poyanawa subgroup
- Poyanawa
- Iskonawa
- Nukini
- Shipibo (with Konibo and Kapanawa as co-dialects)
- Headwaters subgroup
- Kashinawa
- Amawaka
- Yaminawa (dialects: Sharanawa, Yawanawa, Shanenawa (Katukina de Feijó), Shawanawa (Arara), Mastanawa, Marinawa)
- Takanan
- Takana group
- Tacana (Tupamasa)
- Reyesano (San Borjano, Maropa)
- Araona (Carina, Cavina)
- Cavineña
- Chama group
- Ese'ejja (Ese'eha, Ese Ejja, Ese Exa, Tiatinagua, Chama, Tambopata-Guarayo, Huarayo, Guacanawa, Chuncho, "Chama")
- Toromona â (Toromono)
Payaguá âÂÂ
Puquina â (Pukina)
PurÃÂan â (Puri-Coroado)
Qawasqaran (Alacalufan)
Quechuan
Rikbaktsá (Aripaktsá, Erikbatsa, Erikpatsa, Canoeiro)
Sabela (Huao, Wao, Auca, Huaorani, Huarani, Waorani, Auishiri)
Sáliban (Sálivan, Sáliba-Piaroan)
Sechura-Catacaoan â (Sec)
Taruma (Taruamá)
Taushiro (Pinchi, Pinche)
Tequiraca (Tekiraka, Aushiri, Auishiri, Avishiri, Avixiri, Abiquira, Abishira, Abigira, Agouisiri, Ixignor, Vacacocha)
Tikuna-YurÃÂ
Timotean â (Timote-Cuica)
Tiniguan âÂÂ
Trumai (TrumaÃÂ, Tramalhy)
Tukanoan (Tucanoan)
- Western Tukanoan
- Coreguaje (Koreguaje, Caquetá, Correguaje, Ko'reuaju, Chaocha Pai)
- Siona-Secoya
- Macaguaje â (Makawahe, Piojé)
- Secoya (Piohé, Siona-Secoya)
- Siona
- Teteté â (Eteteguaje) (possibly a dialect of Siona)
- Orejón (Maijuna, Coto, Koto, Payoguaje, Payaguá, Payagua, Mai Ja, Oregon, Orechon, Tutapi) (dialect: Nebaji)
- Retuarã (Letuama, Tanimuca-Retuarã)
- Yahuna (Jaúna, Yauna)
- Tama âÂÂ
- Eastern Tukanoan
- Cubeo (Kubeo, Pamié, Cuveo, Cubeu, Kobeua, Kobewa, Kubwa, Kobéwa, Hehenawa, Pamiwa)
- Miriti â (Miriti-Tapuyo, Neenoá)
- Macuna (Makuna, Buhagana, Baigana, Wuhána, Jepa-Matsi, Yepá-Mahsá, Yehpá Majsá, Yepá Maxsã, Yebamasã, Paneroa, Wahana, Makuna-Erulia)
- Yupuá-Duriña â (Yupua, Sokó, Uri, Duriña)
- Kueretú â (Cueretú, Coretú, Curetú)
- Desano-Siriano
- Bará-Tuyuka (Barasano, Tuyuca)
- Carapano (Karapaná, Karapano, Carapana-Tapuya, Tatuyo, Mochda, Moxdoa, Mextã)
- Tucano (Tukano, Dasea, Daxsea) (dialects: Yohoraa (Curaua), Wasona (Uasona))
- Wanano-Piratapuyo (Guanano, Wanâna, Uanana, Anana, Kótedia, Kótirya, Kotiria; Wanana, Waikena, Waikina, Uiquina, Waikino, Pira-Tapuya, Uaikena, Uaicana, Waikhara, Waina, Uaiana, Uainana, Urubu-Tapuya)
- Arapaso â (Arapaço, Arapasso, Koneá)
TupÃÂan
- Western TupÃÂan
- Arikém subfamily
- Arikém (Ariquême)
- Kabixiána
- Karitiána (Caritiana)
- Mondéan subfamily
- Paitér (SuruÃÂ, Suruàdo Jiparaná, Suruàde Rondônia, Surui Paiter)
- Cinta-larga
- Gavião (Digüt, Ikõrõ, Gavião do Jiparaná)
- Zoró
- Mondé (Sanamaikã (Sanamaicá), Salamãi)
- Aruá (Aruaxi, AruashÃÂ)
- Puruborá (Boruborá, Puruba, Aurã, Pumbora, Puroborá, Burubora, Kuyubi, Cujubi, Migueleno, Miguelenho)
- Ramaráman subfamily
- Káro (Arara, Urukú)
- Ramaráma (Itogapúk, NtogapÃÂd)
- UrumÃÂ
- TuparÃÂan subfamily
- TuparÃÂ
- Kepkiriwát (Quepiquiriuate, Kepikiriwat, Kepkeriwát)
- Makuráp (Macurap, Macurape)
- Mekéns (Mekém, Sakurabiat, Sakyrabiat)
- Akuntsú (Akunsú)
- Waratégaya (Amiapé)
- Wayoró (Ayurú, Wayru, Wayurú, Ayurú, Ajurú, Uaiora, Wajaru)
- Mekens
- Eastern TupÃÂan
- Awetà(Auetö, Awetö, Aueto, Aueti, Auiti, Arauite, Arauine)
- Jurúnan subfamily
- Jurúna (Yuruna, Yudjá, Djudjá, Jaruna)
- Manitsawá (Maritsauá, Manitzula) (dialect: Arupai (Urupaya))
- Xipáya (Shipaya, Shipaja, Xipaia)
- Mawé (Maué, Sataré, Sateré, Sateré-Mawé)
- Mundurukún subfamily
- Kuruáya (Caravare, Curuaia, Kuruaia)
- Mundurukú (Mundurucu, Monjoroku, Weidyenye, Paiquize, Pari, Caras-Pretas)
- TupÃÂ-GuaranÃÂan subfamily
- GuaranÃÂan branch
- GuaranÃÂ Antigo (GuaranÃÂ, old GuaranÃÂ)
- Paraguayan Guaranà(GuaranÃÂ, Guarani paraguaio, Avañee)
- Kaiwá (Kayowá, Kaiowá, Caiová, Caiguá, Pãi, Pãi-Tavyterã)
- Nhandéva (ÃÂandeva, Chiripá)
- Xetá (Shetá, Aré, Notobotocudo)
- Chiriguano group (Ava, Simba, Chané, Izoceño (Isosó, Izozó), Tapiete)
- Argentina, BolÃÂvia, Paraguay (Dietrich 2007)
- Guayakà(GuayaquÃÂ, Aché, Axe)
- Guaráyoan branch
- Guarayo (Guarayú)
- Sirionó
- Yúki (Yuqui)
- Tupi branch of TupÃÂ-GuaranÃÂan
- LÃÂngua Geral Amazônica (LÃÂngua Geral, Nheengatú, Tapïhïya, Tupi moderno)
- LÃÂngua Geral Paulista (LÃÂngua Geral, TupÃÂ)
- TupÃÂ (Tupi antigo)
- Tupinambá (LÃÂngua brasÃÂlica, Tupi antigo)
- Teneteháran branch
- Avá (Canoeiro, Avá-Canoeiro)
- Tapirapé
- Parakanã (Paracanã, Apiteréwa)
- Tocantins Asurinà(Assurini, Asurinàdo Tocantins, Asurinàdo Trocará, Akwáwa)
- SuruÃÂ (SuruÃÂ do Tocantins, Aikewara, MudjetÃÂre)
- Tembé (Tenetehára)
- Guajajára (Tenetehára)
- Turiwára (Turiuara)
- Xingu branch
- Araweté
- Amanajé (Amanage, Amanayé, Amanyé, Manajo, Manaxo, Manaze, Manazo)
- Ararandewára
- Aurê (Aurá)
- Anambé of CairarÃÂ
- Xingu Asurinà(Assurini, Asurinàdo Xingu, Asurinàdo Coatinema, Awaeté)
- KawahÃÂb branch
- Amondáwa (Amundáwa)
- Uruewawáu (Uru-eu-wau-wau, Uru-eu-uau-uau)
- Karipúna
- Piripkúra
- Diahói (Diahui, Jahoi, Jahui, Diarrui)
- ParintintÃÂn (Parintintim, KagwahÃÂv)
- TenharÃÂn (Tenharim)
- TupÃÂ-KawahÃÂb (Tupi do Machado, Paranawát, Pawaté, Wiraféd)
- Apiaká (Apiacá)
- Júma (Yuma)
- KayabÃÂ (Caiabi)
- Kamayurá (Kamaiurá, Camaiurá)
- Northern TupÃÂ-GuaranÃÂan branch
- Anambé of Ehrenreich
- Guajá (Awá, Avá, Awá Guajá, Ayaya, Guaxare, Wazaizara)
- Ka'apór (Urubú, Urubú-Ka'apór, Kaapor)
- Takunyapé (Taconhapé)
- Wayampà(Oyampi, Wajãpi, Waiãpi)
- Wayampipukú
- Emérillon (Emerenhão, Emereñon, Emerilon, Melejo, Mereo, Mereyo, Teco)
- Zo'é (Zoé, Jo'é)
Tuxá â (Tushá, Todela)
Urarina (Simacu, Kachá, Itucale, Urariña, Oruarina)
Wamoé â (Uamué, Huamoi, Umán, Uame, Huamoé, Araticum, Atikum, Aticum)
Warao (Guarao, Warau, Warrau, Guaruno, Waraw, Araote, Faraute)
Witotoan (Huitotoan)
Xukurú â (Xucuru, Ichikile, Shukurú)
Yagan (Yahgan, Yaghan, Yamana, Yámana, Tequenica, Yapoo)
Yaguan (Peban, Peba-Yaguan family)
- Yagua (Yihamwo, Nijyamïï, Nikyejaada, Yahua, Llagua, Yava, Yegua, Mishara)
- Peba â (Nijamvo)
- Yameo â (Llameo, Camuchivo, Masamae, Mazan, Parara)
Yanomaman (Yanomamian)
- Ninam (Yanam, Xirianá, Shiriana Casapare, Jawaperi, Crichana, Jawari)
- Sanumá (Sanimá, Sanma, Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari) (dialects: Ninam (Shirishana, Mukajai), Northern Ninam (Shiriana, Uraricaa-Paragua), Caura, Ervato-Ventuari, Auaris; Yanoma, Cobari (Kobali, Cobariwa))
- Yanomam (Waiká (Waicá), Yanomami, Yanomamé, Surara, Xurima, Parahuri, Yanoam)
- (dialects: Yanamam (Patimitheri, Waika), Yanomam (Naomam, Guadema, Wadema, Warema), Yanomay (Toototobi), Nanomam (Karime), Jauari (Joari, Yoari, Aica))
- Yanomamö (Yanomamï, Yamomame, Guaicá, Guaharibo, Guajaribo, Yanomami, Shamatri, Shaathari, Cobari Kobali, Cobariwa)
- (dialects: Eastern Yanomami (Parima), Western Yanomami (Padamo-Orinoco))
Yaruro (Pumé, Llaruro, Yaruru, YuapÃÂn)
Yaté (Fulnio, Furniô, Fórnio, Carnijó, Iaté, Yathé)
Yuracaré (Yuracare, Yurucar, Yuracar, Yurujure, Cuchi, Enete)
Yurumanguàâ (YurimanguÃÂ)
Zamucoan
- Ayoreo (Ayoré, Moro, Zamuco, Pyeta, Yovai)
- (dialect: Tsiricua, Tsiracua)
- Chamacoco (Ishiro, Jeywo)
- (dialects: Chamacoco Bravo (Tomaraho, Tomaraxa, Tumarahá), Ebitoso (Ebidoso, Ishiro))
Zaparoan
See also
References