Boran (also known as BoraâÂÂMuinane, BoraâÂÂMuiname, Bóran, Miranyan, Miranya, Bórano) is a small language family, consisting of just two languages.
Languages
The two Boran languages are:
Loukotka (1968) also lists Nonuya, a Witotoan language, spoken at the sources of the Cahuinari River, as a Boran language. As of 1964, only a few words had been documented.
Synonymy
- The name Muinane has been used to refer to the Muinane language (Bora Muinane) of the Boran family and also to the Nipode language (Witoto Muinane) of the Witotoan family.
Genetic relations
Aschmann (1993) proposed that the Boran and Witotoan language families were related, in a BoraâÂÂWitoto stock. Echeverri & Seifart (2016) refute the connection.
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Choko, Guahibo, Tukano, Witoto-Okaina, Yaruro, Arawak, and Tupi language families due to contact in the Caquetá River basin region.
An automated computational analysis (ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013) found lexical similarities with Arawakan (especially the Resigaro language in particular) due to contact.
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.
Proto-language
Proto-BoraâÂÂMuinane reconstructions by Seifart and Echeverri (2015):
References
Bibliography
- Aschmann, Richard P. (1993). Proto Witotoan. Publications in linguistics (No. 114). Arlington, TX: SIL & the University of Texas at Arlington.
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. .
- Echeverri, Juan Alvaro & Frank Seifart. (2016). Proto-Witotoan: A re-evaluation of the distant genealogical relationship between the Boran and Witotoan linguistic families.
- Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13âÂÂ67). Austin: University of Texas Press. .
- Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46âÂÂ76). London: Routledge.
- Thiesen, W.; Thiesen, E. (1998). Diccionario: Bora - Castellano, Castellano - Bora. (Serie LingüÃÂstica Peruana, 46). Pucallpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- Walton, J. W.; Walton, J. P.; Pakky de Buenaventura, C. (1997). Diccionario bilingüe muinane-español, español-muinane. Santafé de Bogotá: Editorial Alberto Lleras Camargo.
External links