The Proskurov uezd was a county (uezd) of the Podolia Governorate of the Russian Empire, with its administrative centre in Proskurov (contemporary Khmelnytskyi). It border the Starokonstantinov uezd of the Volhynian Governorate to the north, the Letichev uezd to the east, the Kamenets-Podolsky uezd to the south, and Austria to the west. The area of the uezd covered most of Ukraine's Khmelnytskyi Raion.
The subcounties (volosts) of the Proskurov uezd in 1912 were as follows:
At the time of the Russian Empire Census on , the Proskurov uezd had a population of 226,091, including 114,020 men and 112,071 women. The majority of the population indicated Little Russian to be their mother tongue, with significant Jewish and Polish speaking minorities.