The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the 435 representatives of the United States House of Representatives, as well as 6 non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and inhabited U.S. territories. The elections were held together with other federal, state, and local elections, including the U.S. presidential election and elections to the Senate, as part of the 2024 United States general election. The winners of these elections serve in the 119th United States Congress, with seats apportioned among states based on the 2020 United States census.
The House Republican Conference has been led by Mike Johnson since October 2023, following the removal of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House and the speaker election that Johnson won. He is the first congressman from Louisiana to be elected Speaker of the House.
With the election of Hakeem Jeffries as leader of the House Democratic Caucus, this was the first House election since 2002 in which the Democratic Party was not led by Nancy Pelosi. Jeffries is the first African American in the history of Congress to serve as leader of either party, and the first congressman from New York to do so since Bertrand Snell's retirement in 1938.
The election was expected to be highly competitive, with forecasts suggesting less than a five-seat difference between the two parties. Events that have occurred during the 118th Congress include the January 2023 speakership election, the 2023 debt-ceiling crisis, the removal of Kevin McCarthy from the speakership, the ensuing October 2023 speakership election, and the expulsion of George Santos. No party has lost House control after a single congressional term since 1954.
The Republicans, led by incumbent Speaker Mike Johnson, narrowly maintained control of the House with a small majority of 220 seats (the narrowest since 1930), winning the House popular vote by 4 million votes and a narrow margin of 2.6%. Democrats made a net gain of 1 seat from the Republicans, which represents the smallest net change in US history in the House of Representatives. The majority was decided by just over 7,000 votes across three congressional districts (Iowa's 1st, Colorado's 8th, and Pennsylvania's 7th) out of nearly 148 million cast in these elections; this was a roughly 2-point bias in favor of Democrats, resulting from Democratic outperformance in swing districts. Despite the Democratic overperformance, the results gave Republicans a government trifecta for the first time since the 115th Congress, after the 2016 election.
These elections marked the first time since 2016 where Republicans won a majority of the congressional delegation in Pennsylvania and Michigan. They also marked the first time since 2008 in which Democrats won more than one seat in Alabama, and the first time since 2006 when Democrats won more than one seat in Louisiana. However, both cases were due to new seats created by redistricting. These elections saw Republicans win the majority of congressional districts in 30 states while the Democrats won a majority in 18 states. Two states (Colorado and Minnesota) elected a split house delegation. Sarah McBride of Delaware became the first openly transgender member elected to the United States Congress. This was the third presidential election cycle in a row in which the victorious presidential party lost seats in the House while holding its majority.
Forty-six states used the first-past-the-post voting plurality-win system to elect their representatives. Instant-runoff voting was used in two states (Alaska and Maine), and the runoff system was used in two states (Georgia and Louisiana).
The 2024 election results are compared below to the 2022 election. The table does not include blank and over or under votes, both of which were included in the official results.
A total of 46 representatives and 2 non-voting delegates (25 Democrats and 23 Republicans) retired, 19 of whom (12 Democrats and 7 Republicans) retired to run for other offices.
Three seats were left vacant on the day of the general election due to resignation or deaths in 2024, one of which was not filled until the next Congress.
Two Democrats died in office.
One Republican resigned before the end of the term.
Two Democrats lost renomination.
Two Republicans lost renomination.
Four Democrats, one of whom was a freshman, lost re-election to Republicans.
Seven Republicans, five of whom were freshmen, lost re-election to Democrats.
Three Republican seats were won by Democrats.
Five Democratic seats were won by Republicans.
Democrats held twenty-four of their open seats.
Republicans held twenty-three of their open seats.
This is a list of congressional seats that voted for one party in the 2020 presidential election and another in the 2022 House elections.
This lists the districts in which Donald Trump won in 2020 that are represented by Democrats:
This lists the districts in which Joe Biden won in 2020 that are represented by Republicans:
In the United States, all states with multiple congressional districts are required to revise their district maps following each decennial census to account for population changes. In 2024, most states used the same districts created in the redistricting cycle following the 2020 census, which were first used in the 2022 elections. However, maps have changed or would change in several states, often due to legal challenges made on the basis of political or racial gerrymandering.
As of May 2024, several states have seen challenges to their congressional district maps that were put in place during the redistricting cycle brought upon by the results of the 2020 census. In Alabama, a special master drew a new map after the state legislature submitted a map that did not comply with the Voting Rights Act after the Supreme Court ruled their original map violated the Voting Rights Act in Allen v. Milligan, requiring the creation of a second predominantly Black district. Similarly, a judge in Georgia ruled that Georgia's maps were illegally racially gerrymandered and the Georgia General Assembly drew a new map that added a new predominantly Black district. In Louisiana, the Supreme Court's decision not to intervene in Robinson v. Ardoin led to a second majority Black district being drawn in that state as well, although this map was struck down after a legal challenge by some Louisianans before the Supreme Court of the United States issued an emergency order allowing the new map to be used in the 2024 elections. On the other hand, Republican legislators in North Carolina drew a map placing three Democratic incumbents in Republican-leaning districts after the North Carolina Supreme Court ruled that partisan gerrymandering is not justiciable, which in turn was canceled out by a map passed after a similar state court ruling in New York that made three highly competitive districts somewhat Democratic-leaning. Other racial gerrymandering cases in Arkansas, Florida, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas and another partisan gerrymandering case in Utah were not resolved before the filing deadlines for the 2024 Congressional elections in those states; South Carolina's districts were ultimately upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States over a month after the state's filing deadline.
The following districts had no incumbent representative as a result of redistricting.
The following district had multiple incumbent representatives running, the product of an incumbent of another district choosing to run in the seat against its own incumbent.
Sixty-nine races were decided by a margin of 10% or lower.
There are eight special elections scheduled in 2024 to the 118th United States Congress, listed here by date and district.
|- ! | | | 2022 | data-sort-value=February 13, 2024 | Incumbent expelled December 1, 2023.<br />New member elected February 13, 2024.<br />Democratic gain. | nowrap | |- ! | | | 2004 | data-sort-value=April 30, 2024 | Incumbent resigned February 2, 2024.<br />New member elected April 30, 2024.<br />Democratic hold. | nowrap | |- ! | | | 2006 | | Incumbent resigned December 31, 2023.<br />New member elected May 21, 2024, after no candidate<br>won a majority in the March 19 jungle primary.<br />Republican hold. | nowrap | |- ! | | | 2010 | | Incumbent resigned January 21, 2024.<br />New member elected June 11, 2024.<br />Republican hold. | nowrap | |- ! | | | 2014 | | Incumbent resigned March 22, 2024.<br />New member elected June 25, 2024.<br />Republican hold. | nowrap | |- ! | | | 2012 | | Incumbent died April 24, 2024.<br />New member elected September 18, 2024.<br />Democratic hold. | nowrap | |- ! | | | 1994 | | Incumbent died July 19, 2024.<br />New member elected November 5, 2024.<br>Democratic hold. | nowrap | |- ! | | | 2016 | | Incumbent resigned April 24, 2024.<br />New member elected November 5, 2024.<br />New member also elected to the next term; see below.<br>Republican hold. | nowrap | |-