Te Waiohua or Te Wai-o-Hua is a MÃÂori iwi (tribe) confederation that thrived in the early 17th century. The rohe (tribal area) was primarily the central TÃÂmaki Makaurau area (the Auckland isthmus) and they had pà(fortified settlements) at Te TÃÂtua a Riukiuta (Three Kings), PuketÃÂpapa (Mt Roskill), Te Ahi-kÃÂ-a-Rakataura (Mt Albert), Maungakiekie (One Tree Hill), Maungawhau (Mt Eden), Tëtëkà Âpuke (Mt St John), à Âhinerau (Mt Hobson), Rangitotoiti (Upland Reserve), Taurarua (Judges Bay), Rarotonga (Mt Smart), à ÂtÃÂhuhu, Te Pane o Mataaoho (MÃÂngere Mountain), IhumÃÂtao, Matukutà «reia (McLaughlin's Mountain) and Matukutà «ruru (Wiri Mountain), until the 1740s, when the paramount Waiohua chief, Kiwi TÃÂmaki, was defeated by the NgÃÂti WhÃÂtua hapà «, Te Taoà «. The descendants of the Waiohua confederation today include NgÃÂti Te Ata Waiohua, NgÃÂti Tamaoho and Te ÃÂkitai Waiohua.
Waiohua was a confederation of tribes of the TÃÂmaki Makaurau region, who were united as a single unit by Huakaiwaka (from which the name of the tribe, The Waters of Hua, can be traced). Huakaiwaka lived and died at Maungawhau / Mount Eden. The three main groups who Huakaiwaka merged were known as NgàOho, based in Papakura, NgàRiki, based in South Auckland with a rohe spanning from Papakura to à ÂtÃÂhuhu, and NgàIwi, who settled from à ÂtÃÂhuhu to the North Shore. The confederation took the name Waiohua after the death of Te Hua-o-Kaiwaka, sometime between 1575 and the 1620s. NgàOho, NgàRiki and NgàIwi continued to have distinct identities while being a part of Waiohua as a whole.
Around the year 1675, NgÃÂti Maru of the Marutà «ÃÂhu collective sacked the Waiohua pàlocated at Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill, Maungawhau and Maungarei / Mount Wellington. Around 1680, NgÃÂti WhÃÂtua warrior chief KÃÂwharu led war parties to attack and sack two Waiohua pàlocated at Matukutà «reia (McLaughlins Mountain) and Matukutà «ruru (Wiri Mountain), in the western part of Wiri, South Auckland.
Te Ikamaupoho, son of Te Huakaiwaka, begun to lead Te Waiohua in the late 17th century, and by early 1700s the confederation was the main influential force on the Auckland isthmus. The pàat Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill had become the tribal centre for Waiohua. It was the residence of most high chiefs in the confederation, and the location where many traditional rituals were undertaken. By the 1720s, the major settlements of Waiohua included Maungawhau, Maungakiekie, MÃÂngere Mountain ("Te Pane o Mataoho"), à ÂtÃÂhuhu, PuketÃÂpapa, Te TÃÂtua a Riukiuta, Te Ahi-kÃÂ-a-Rakataura, Titikà Âpuke, à Âhinerau and Maungataketake near IhumÃÂtao. By this period, NgÃÂi TÃÂhuhu and Te Kawerau àMaki were considered allies to Waiohua, or hapà « who were a part of the union.
Around the 1730s and 1740s, Waiohua fought battles against NgÃÂti PÃÂoa to the south (based in the western Hauraki Plains NgÃÂti PÃÂoa) and Te Taoà « of NgÃÂti WhÃÂtua (then located around the Kaipara Harbour). Te Taoà « sacked Waiohua settlements such as Maungakiekie and MÃÂngere. Around 1741, the paramount chief of Te Waiohua, Kiwi TÃÂmaki, was killed in battle at Paruroa (Great Muddy Creek in Titirangi) by Te Taoà «/NgÃÂti WhÃÂtua chief Te Waha-akiaki, in response to Kiwi TÃÂmaki killing several members of Te Taoà « treacherously. NgÃÂti WhÃÂtua became the major influential force on the Auckland isthmus from then until the early 1800s. In the 1750s, many remaining members of Waiohua settled among Waikato Tainui to the south, in locations such as Drury, Pà Âkeno and Papakura, while others intermarried with NgÃÂti WhÃÂtua.
In around 1765, the Waikato-based refugees of Waiohua returned to Manukau, and are now known as NgÃÂti Te Ata Waiohua and Te ÃÂkitai Waiohua. Members of Waiohua (NgÃÂti Te Ata) who intermarried with Te Taoà « re-adopted the name NgàOho, and today are a hapà « of NgÃÂti WhÃÂtua à ÂrÃÂkei. Te ÃÂkitai Waiohua began to resettle the southern rohe of Waiohua up to à ÂtÃÂhuhu. By the 1790s, NgÃÂti WhÃÂtua and Waiohua allied forces against NgÃÂti PÃÂoa who were settling along the TÃÂmaki River. In the 1820s during the Musket Wars, NgÃÂti Whatua, NgÃÂti Te Ata Waiohua and Te ÃÂkitai Waiohua relocated to the Waikato under the protection of Pà Âtatau Te Wherowhero, returning in 1835. During the 1840s, Waiohua descendant tribes returned to their papakÃÂinga (settlements) at IhumÃÂtao, Pà «kaki, Papahinu and Waimahia, while NgÃÂti WhÃÂtua à ÂrÃÂkei moved their main settlement from MÃÂngere/Onehunga to à ÂrÃÂkei on the WaitematàHarbour.
In 1863 due to fears of the MÃÂori King Movement and invasion, Governor George Grey ordered the eviction of all MÃÂori in the Manukau harbour and South Auckland area who did not swear an oath to the Queen and give up arms. Many Waiohua-descendant tribes felt that there was no choice but to leave for the Waikato, due to their shared ties with the Waikato Tainui tribes. While leaving for the Waikato, Te ÃÂkitai Waiohua rangatira Ihaka Takaanini was arrested alongside his family by his former neighbour Marmaduke Nixon, and accused of being a rebel. While taken hostage at Rakino Island, Ihaka Takaanini died. Days after the announcement, the Crown began the Invasion of the Waikato. After the invasion, much of the Waiohua tribes' land was confiscated, subdivided and sold to British immigrants.
Many iwi and hapà « trace their lineage back to Waiohua, including: