Verbenaceae

The Verbenaceae ( ), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.

The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species. Phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae.

Economically important Verbenaceae include:

• Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring
• Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens

Taxonomy

33 genera are accepted. Tribes and genera in the family and their estimated species numbers:

Casselieae <small>(Schauer) Tronc.</small>

• Casselia <small>Nees & Mart.</small> - 6 species
• Parodianthus <small>Tronc.</small> - 2 species
• Tamonea <small>Aubl.</small> - 6 species

Citharexyleae <small>Briq.</small>

• Citharexylum <small>L.</small> (fiddlewoods) - 60 species
• Rehdera <small>Moldenke</small> - 3 species

Duranteae <small>Bent.</small>

• Bouchea <small>Cham. </small> - 13 species
• Chascanum <small>E.Mey</small> - 27 species
• Duranta <small>L.</small> - 31 species
• Recordia <small>Moldenke</small> - 2 species
• Stachytarpheta <small>Vahl</small> - 120 species

Lantaneae <small>Endl.</small>

• Aloysia <small>Palau</small> (beebrushes) - 36 species
• Coelocarpum <small>Balf.f.</small> - 6 species
• Diphyllocalyx <small>(Griseb.) Greuter & R.Rankin</small> - 6 species
• Isidroa <small>Greuter & R.Rankin</small> - 1 species
• Lantana <small>L.</small> (shrub verbenas, lantanas) - 100 species
• Lippia <small>L.</small> (synonym Burroughsia <small>Moldenke</small>) - 140 species
• Nashia <small>Millsp.</small> - 1 species
• Phyla <small>Lour.</small> (frogfruits) - 5 species
• Salimenaea – 1 species
• Troncosoa <small>N.O'Leary & P.Moroni</small> - 1 species

Neospartoneae <small>Olmstead & N.O'Leary</small>

• Diostea <small>Miers</small> - 1 species
• Lampayo <small>Phil. ex Murillo</small> - 3 species
• Neosparton <small>Griseb.</small> - 3 species

Petreeae <small>Briq.</small>

• Petrea <small>L.</small> (sandpaper vines) - 12 species

Priveae <small>Briq.</small>

• Pitraea <small>Turcz.</small> - 1 species
• Priva <small>Adans.</small> - 20 species

Verbeneae <small>Dumort.</small>

• Glandularia <small>J.F.Gmel.</small> - 88 species
• Hierobotana <small>Briq.</small> - 1 species
• Junellia <small>Moldenke</small> - 38 species
• Mulguraea <small>N.O’Leary & P.Peralta</small> - 11 species
• Verbena <small>L.</small> (verbenas/vervains) - 57 species

Unassigned

• Dipyrena <small>Hook.</small> - 1 species
• Rhaphithamnus <small>Miers</small> - 2 species

Excluded genera

Various genera formerly included in the family Verbenaceae are now treated under other families:

Moved to Acanthaceae:

• Avicennia <small>L.</small>

Moved to Lamiaceae:

• Amasonia <small>L.f.</small>
• Brachysola <small>(F.Muell.) Rye</small>
• Callicarpa <small>L.</small>
• Caryopteris <small>Bunge</small>
• Chloanthes <small>R.Br.</small>
• Clerodendrum <small>L.</small>
• Congea <small>Roxb.</small>
• Cornutia <small>L.</small>
• Cyanostegia <small>Turcz.</small>
• Dicrastylis <small>J.Drumm. ex Harv.</small>
• Discretitheca <small>P.D.Cantino</small>
• Faradaya <small>F.Muell.</small>
• Garrettia <small>H.R.Fletcher</small>
• Glossocarya <small>Wall. ex Griff.</small>
• Gmelina <small>L.</small>
• Hemiphora <small>(F.Muell.) F.Muell.</small>
• Holmskioldia <small>Retz.</small>
• Hosea <small>Ridl.</small>
• Hymenopyramis <small>Wall. ex Griff.</small>
• Kalaharia <small>Baill.</small>
• Karomia <small>Dop</small>
• Lachnostachys <small>Hook.</small>
• Mallophora <small>Endl.</small>
• Monochilus <small>Fisch. & C.A.Mey.</small>
• Newcastelia <small>F.Muell.</small>
• Oncinocalyx <small>F.Muell.</small>
• Oxera <small>Labill.</small>
• Peronema <small>Jack</small>
• Petitia <small>Jacq.</small>
• Petraeovitex <small>Oliv.</small>
• Physopsis <small>Turcz.</small>
• Pityrodia <small>R.Br.</small>
• Premna <small>L.</small>
• Pseudocarpidium <small>Millsp.</small>
• Pseudocaryopteris <small>P.D.Cantino</small>
• Rotheca <small>Raf.</small>
• Schnabelia <small>Hand.-Mazz.</small>
• Spartothamnella <small>Briq.</small>
• Sphenodesme <small>Jack</small>
• Symphorema <small>Roxb.</small>
• Tectona <small>L.f.</small>
• Teijsmanniodendron <small>Koord.</small>
• Teucridium <small>Hook.f.</small>
• Tripora <small>P.D.Cantino</small>
• Vitex <small>L.</small>

Moved to Oleaceae:

• Dimetra <small>Kerr</small>
• Nyctanthes <small>L.</small>

Moved to Orobanchaceae:

• Asepalum <small>Marais</small>
• Cyclocheilon <small>Oliv.</small>
• Nesogenes <small>A.DC.</small>

Moved to Phrymaceae:

• Phryma <small>L.</small>

Moved to Stilbaceae:

• Campylostachys <small>Kunth</small>
• Euthystachys <small>A.DC.</small>
• Stilbe <small>P.J.Bergius</small>
• Thesmophora <small>Rourke</small>

References

External links

• Verbenaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF. .
• Verbenaceae in BoDD &ndash; Botanical Dermatology Database