Citharexylum

Citharexylum is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the United States to Argentina. The highest diversity occurs in Mexico and the Andes. The generic name is derived from the Greek words κιθάρα (kithara), meaning "lyre", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood," referring to the use of the wood in the sounding boards of string instruments. Several species, especially C. caudatum and C. spinosum, are cultivated as ornamentals.

Species

78 species are accepted.

1. Citharexylum affine <small>D.Don</small> - from northern Mexico to Nicaragua
2. Citharexylum alainii <small>Moldenke</small> - Dominican Republic
3. Citharexylum altamiranum <small>Greenm.</small> - northeastern Mexico
4. Citharexylum amabile <small>(Bocq.) Christenh. & Byng</small> – west-central Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina
5. Citharexylum andinum <small>Moldenke</small> - Bolivia, Jujuy Province of Argentina
6. Citharexylum berlandieri <small>B.L. Rob.</small> - from Texas to Oaxaca - Berlandier's fiddlewood, Tamaulipan fiddlewood
7. Citharexylum bourgeauanum <small>Greenm. -</small> Veracruz, Oaxaca
8. Citharexylum brachyanthum <small>(A.Gray ex Hemsl.) A.Gray</small> - Texas, Coahuila, Nuevo León - Boxthorn fiddlewood, Mexican fiddlewood
9. Citharexylum broadwayi <small>O.E.Schulz</small> - Trinidad and northeastern Venezuela
10. Citharexylum calvum <small>Moldenke</small> - Quintana Roo
11. Citharexylum caudatum <small>L.</small> - southern Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Colombia, Peru - Juniper berry
12. Citharexylum cooperi <small>Standl.</small> - Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala
13. Citharexylum costaricense <small>Moldenke</small> - Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras
14. Citharexylum crassifolium <small>Greenm</small> - Chiapas, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras
15. Citharexylum danirae <small>León de la Luz & F.Chiang</small> - Revillagigedo Islands of Baja California
16. Citharexylum decorum <small>Moldenke</small> - Colombia, Venezuela
17. Citharexylum dentatum <small>D.Don -</small> Peru
18. Citharexylum discolor <small>Turcz.</small> - Cuba, Hispaniola
19. Citharexylum donnell-smithii <small>Greenm.</small> - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Central America
20. Citharexylum ekmanii <small>Moldenke</small> - Cuba
21. Citharexylum ellipticum <small>Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don</small> - Veracruz, Campeche, Tabasco; naturalized in Cuba + Cayman Islands
22. Citharexylum endlichii <small>Moldenke</small> - northeastern Mexico
23. Citharexylum flabellifolium <small>S.Watson</small> - Sonora, Baja California
24. Citharexylum flexuosum <small>(Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don</small> - Bolivia, Peru
25. Citharexylum fulgidum <small>Moldenke</small> - Veracruz, northeastern Mexico
26. Citharexylum glabrum <small>(S.Watson) Greenm</small> - Oaxaca
27. Citharexylum guatemalense <small>(Moldenke) D.N.Gibson</small> - Guatemala, Nicaragua
28. Citharexylum herrerae <small>Mansf.</small> - Peru
29. Citharexylum hexangulare <small>Greenm.</small> - from northern Mexico to Costa Rica
30. Citharexylum hidalgense <small>Moldenke</small> - Mexico
31. Citharexylum hintonii <small>Moldenke</small> - México State
32. Citharexylum hirtellum <small>Standl.</small> - from Veracruz to Panama
33. Citharexylum ilicifolium <small>Kunth</small> - Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador
34. Citharexylum × jamaicense <small>Moldenke</small> - Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico (C. caudatum × C. spinosum)
35. Citharexylum joergensenii <small>(Lillo) Moldenke</small> - Argentina, Bolivia
36. Citharexylum karstenii <small>Moldenke</small> - Colombia, Venezuela
37. Citharexylum kerberi <small>Greenm.</small> - Veracruz
38. Citharexylum kunthianum <small>Moldenke</small> - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador
39. Citharexylum laurifolium <small>Hayek</small> - Bolivia, Peru
40. Citharexylum × leonis <small>Moldenke</small> - Cuba (C. caudatum × C. tristachyum)
41. Citharexylum ligustrifolium <small>(Thur. ex Decne.) Van Houtte</small> - Mexico
42. Citharexylum lucidum <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small> - Mexico
43. Citharexylum lycioides <small>D.Don</small> - Mexico
44. Citharexylum macradenium <small>Greenm.</small> - Panama, Costa Rica
45. Citharexylum macrochlamys <small>Pittier</small> - Panama, Colombia
46. Citharexylum matheanum <small>Borhidi & Kereszty</small> - Cuba
47. Citharexylum matudae <small>Moldenke</small> - Chiapas
48. Citharexylum mexicanum <small>Moldenke</small> - Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca
49. Citharexylum microphyllum <small>(DC.) O.E.Schulz</small> - Hisipaniola
50. Citharexylum mocinoi <small>D.Don</small> - Mexico, Central America
51. Citharexylum montanum <small>Moldenke</small> - Colombia, Ecuador
52. Citharexylum montevidense <small>(Spreng.) Moldenke</small> - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
53. Citharexylum myrianthum <small>Cham.</small> - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
54. Citharexylum obtusifolium <small>Kuhlm</small> - Espírito Santo (unplaced)
55. Citharexylum oleinum (<small>Benth. ex Lindl.) Moldenke</small> - Mexico
56. Citharexylum ovatifolium <small>Greenm.</small> - Mexico
57. Citharexylum peruvianum <small>N.O'Leary & Frost</small> - northwestern Peru
58. Citharexylum poeppigii <small>Walp.</small> - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil
59. Citharexylum quitense <small>Spreng.</small> - Ecuador
60. Citharexylum racemosum <small>Sessé & Moc.</small> - Mexico
61. Citharexylum reticulatum <small>Kunth</small> - Ecuador, Peru
62. Citharexylum rosei <small>Greenm.</small> - Mexico
63. Citharexylum roxanae <small>Moldenke</small> - Baja California
64. Citharexylum scabrum <small>Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don</small> - northern Mexico
65. Citharexylum schottii <small>Greenm.</small> - southern Mexico, Central America
66. Citharexylum schulzii <small>Urb. & Ekman</small> - Hispaniola
67. Citharexylum sessaei <small>D.Don</small> - Mexico
68. Citharexylum shrevei <small>Moldenke</small> - Sonora
69. Citharexylum solanaceum <small>Cham.</small> - southern Brazil
70. Citharexylum spinosum <small>L.</small> &ndash; Spiny fiddlewood - West Indies, Panama, Venezuela, the Guianas; naturalized in India, Mozambique, Fiji, Bermuda
71. Citharexylum stenophyllum <small>Urb. & Ekman</small> - Haiti
72. Citharexylum steyermarkii <small>Moldenke</small> - Veracruz, Chiapas, Guatemala
73. Citharexylum subflavescens <small>S.F.Blake</small> - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru
74. Citharexylum subthyrsoideum <small>Pittier</small> - Colombia, Venezuela
75. Citharexylum svensonii <small>Moldenke</small> - Ecuador
76. Citharexylum teclense <small>Standl.</small> - El Salvador
77. Citharexylum ternatum <small>Moldenke</small> - Cuba
78. Citharexylum tetramerum <small>Brandegee</small> - Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán in Mexico
79. Citharexylum tristachyum <small>Turcz.</small> &ndash; Threespike Fiddlewood - Cuba, Jamaica, Leeward Islands
80. Citharexylum ulei <small>Moldenke</small> - Colombia, Peru, northwestern Brazil
81. Citharexylum venezuelense <small>Moldenke</small> - Venezuela
82. Citharexylum weberbaueri <small>Hayek</small> - Peru

Formerly placed here

• Rehdera trinervis (as Citharexylum lemsii <small>Moldenke</small>)
• Rhaphithamnus spinosus <small>(Juss.) Moldenke</small> (as Citharexylum cyanocarpum <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>)
• Rhaphithamnus venustus (as Citharexylum elegans <small>Phil. ex Miers</small>)

References

External links