Crossognathiformes is an extinct order of ray-finned fish that lived from the Late Jurassic to the Eocene. Its phylogenetic placement is disputed; some authors have recovered it as part of the teleost stem group, while others place it in a basal position within crown group Teleostei. Other placements have found it to be polyphyletic, with Varasichthyidae being stem-group teleosts whereas the other, "true" crossognathiforms are crown-group teleosts within Teleocephala.
The oldest definitive crossognathiforms are known from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) of Chile. They diversified afterwards and became a dominant group of marine fish throughout much of the Cretaceous. The last surviving member was the pachyrhizodontid Platinx from the Eocene.
Classification
Order Crossognathiformes <small>Taverne, 1989</small>
- Bavarichthys <small>Arratia & Tischlinger, 2010</small>
- Kradimus <small>Veysey et al., 2020</small>
- Family Varasichthyidae <small>Arratia, 1981</small>
- Bobbichthys <small>Arratia, 1986</small>
- Domeykos <small>Arratia & Schultze, 1985</small>
- Luisichthys <small>White, 1942</small>
- Protoclupea <small>Arratia et al., 1975</small>
- Varasichthys <small>Arratia, 1981</small>
- Family Chongichthyidae <small>Arratia, 1982</small>
- Chongichthys <small>Arratia, 1982</small>
- Suborder Crossognathoidei <small>Taverne, 1989</small>
- Family Crossognathidae <small>Woodward, 1901</small> [Apsopelicidae <small>Romer, 1966</small>; Syllaemidae <small>Cragin, 1901</small>; Pelecorapidae <small>Cragin, 1901</small>]
- Apsopelix <small>Cope, 1871</small> [Helmintholepis <small>Cockerell, 1919</small>; Leptichthys <small>Stewart, 1899</small>; Palaeoclupea <small>Dante, 1942</small>; Pelecorapis <small>Cope, 1874</small>; Syllaemus <small>Cope, 1875</small>]
- Crossognathus <small>Pictet, 1858</small>
- Suborder Pachyrhizodontoidei <small>Forey, 1977</small>
- Buapichthys <small>Medina-Castañeda, Cantalice & Castañeda-Posadas, 2025</small>
- Family Notelopidae <small>Forey, 1977</small>
- Notelops <small>Woodward, 1901</small>
- Family Pachyrhizodontidae <small>Cope, 1872</small> [Greenwoodellidae <small>Taverne, 1973</small>; Thrissopatrinae <small>Boulenger, 1904b</small>]
- Apricenapiscis <small>Taverne, 2013</small>
- Aquilopiscis <small>Cumbaa & Murray, 2008</small>
- Cavinichthys <small>Taverne & Capasso, 2019</small>
- Elopopsis <small>Heckel, 1856</small>
- Goulmimichthys <small>Cavin, 1995</small>
- Greenwoodella <small>Taverne & Ross, 1973</small>
- Hemielopopsis <small>Bassani, 1879</small>
- Lebrunichthys <small>Taverne & Capasso, 2020</small>
- Michin <small>Alvarado-Ortega et al., 2008</small>
- Motlayoichthys <small>Arratia et al., 2018</small>
- Nardopiscis <small>Taverne, 2008</small>
- Pachyrhizodus <small>Dixon, 1850</small> [Acrodontosaurus <small>Mason, 1869</small>; Eurychir <small>Jordan, 1924</small>; Oricardinus <small>Cope, 1872</small>; Thrissopater <small>Günther, 1872 sensu Forey, 1977</small>]
- Phacolepis <small>Agassiz, 1841</small> [Rhacolepis <small>Agassiz, 1841 non Frenguelli, 1942</small>]
- Platinx <small>Agassiz, 1835</small>
- Polcynichthys <small>London & Shimada, 2020</small>
- Rhacolepis <small>Agassiz, 1843</small>
- Stanhopeichthys <small>Taverne & Capasso, 2020</small>
- Tingitanichthys <small>Taverne, 1996</small>
Timeline of genera
Bibliography
References