The Tiraspol uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kherson Governorate of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Balta uezd of the Podolia Governorate to the north, the Ananev uezd to the east, the Odessa uezd to the south, and the Akkerman and Bendery uezd of the Bessarabia Governorate to the west. The administrative centre of the county was Tiraspol. Today, the historic territory of Tiraspol uezd is split between Odesa Oblast in Ukraine, and the breakaway territory of Transnistria, which is a part of Moldova.
The subcounties (volosts) of the Tiraspol uezd in 1912 were as follows:
At the time of the Russian Empire Census on , the Tiraspol uezd had a population of 240,145, including 123,218 men and 116,927 women. The majority of the population indicated Little Russian to be their mother tongue, with significant Romanian, Great Russian, Jewish, and German speaking minorities.