Tëmà «r or Temür (Kypchak: êàÃÂñ îçÃÂ; Turki and Persian: êÃÂàÃÂñ îçàçèàêÃÂàÃÂñ ÃÂêÃÂú; died 1412) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1410 to 1412, in the waning days of the khanate.
According to the Muÿizz al-ansÃÂb and the TawÃÂrëḫ-i guzëdah-i nuá¹£rat-nÃÂmah, Tëmà «r was a son of Tëmà «r Qutluq Khan, and a brother of his immediate predecessor Pà «lÃÂd.
When the all-powerful beglerbeg Edigu needed to replace ShÃÂdë Beg Khan in late 1407, he turned to the sons of the previous khan, Tëmà «r Qutluq. He passed over the older son, Tëmà «r, who had a reputation for obstinacy, in favor of a younger son, Pà «lÃÂd. Three years later, with Pà «lÃÂd and Edigu smarting after a failure to take Moscow and the brief usurpation of a rival, Tokhtamysh's son Karëm Berdi at Sarai, the bypassed Tëmà «r became khan in disputed circumstances. According to one account, he staged a coup, dethroning Pà «lÃÂd, and causing the now unpopular Edigu to flee. Thus, Tëmà «r became khan in late 1410 or early 1411. According to another account, Pà «lÃÂd was killed in battle by another son of Tokhtamysh's, JalÃÂl ad-Dën, but the latter failed to seize power and Edigu placed Tëmà «r on the throne, before quarreling with him and being forced to flee.
Opposed even by his own eldest son Nà «r ad-Dën, Edigu escaped together with another son, Sulá¹ÂÃÂn-Maḥmà «d (born of Tokhtamysh's daughter JÃÂnika), to Khwarazm, which was governed by yet another of his sons, MubÃÂrak ShÃÂh. The new khan, Tëmà «r immediately sent an army to pursue the fugitives, under the command of a new beglerbeg, Tekne, and emir the GhÃÂzÃÂn. The khan's force defeated Edigu's and besieged him for some six months, during which there were several bloody battles. While this was going on, Tëmà «r, found himself under attack by Tokhtamysh's sons JalÃÂl ad-Dën, Sulá¹ÂÃÂn-Ḥusayn, and Muḥammad. They drove the khan out of Sarai and the eldest of the brothers, JalÃÂl ad-Dën, took the throne. Meanwhile, Tëmà «r had joined his troops in Khwarazm and attempted to advance against JalÃÂl ad-Dën. However, Tëmà «r was faced with such desertion to the enemy, that he eventually attempted to flee. His emir GhÃÂzÃÂn was suborned by JalÃÂl ad-Dën, whose sister he had married. Getting the beglerbeg Tekne drunk, GhÃÂzÃÂn sent his retainer JÃÂn KhwÃÂja to murder Tëmà «r Khan, sometime in late 1411 or early 1412.
Tëmà «r is said to have married one of Edigu's daughters. Only one son is known, Muḥammad, known as Küchük Muḥammad ("Little Muḥammad"), who would rule the Golden Horde in 1434âÂÂ1459, and would be the ancestor of later khans there, in Astrakhan, and eventually even in Transoxiana.