Shora Bekmurzovich Nogmov (; ; October 5, 1794, Pyatigorsk â June 10, 1844, Saint Petersburg) was a Kabardian (East Circassian) public figure, educator, ethnographer, philologist and poet.
He was born in a village on the Dzhitsu River, near Pyatigorsk. Upon graduating from the religious school in the village of Endirey, Nogmov refused to be ordained as a mullah and instead entered service in the Russian army. At that time, army service provided opportunities for career growth, obtaining a good education, and social advancement. He served as a translator, and later, from 1824, as a regimental clerk. His aptitude for languages earned him respect and attracted the interest of the command. The Pushkin-era poet S. D. Nechayev, who met Nogmov in 1825 at Goryachiye Vody, noted that he was "endowed with fortunate abilities," and "spoke Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Russian, and Abaza languages".
In 1828, Nogmov was sent to the Nalchik fortress, where he taught the Russian and Turkish languages. From 1830 to 1835, he served in the Caucasian-Mountain Half-Squadron in Petersburg. Participating in the November Uprising, he was promoted to cornet. In 1836, Nogmov, holding the rank of poruchik, was transferred to the Special Caucasian Corps, whose headquarters was stationed in Tblisi. Here he met academician A. Sjögren, who became his academic advisor in the field of linguistics. In 1838, Nogmov was appointed as the secretary of the Kabardian Provisional Court.
In 1844, having prepared his works for publication, Nogmov arrived in Petersburg to discuss them at the Russian Academy of Sciences. However, before he could do so, he died on June 10, 1844, in Petersburg.
In the first half of the 1830s, he began working on a grammar of the Kabardian language. Also in Petersburg, Nogmov met with the renowned French orientalist scholar, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and professor François-Bernard Charmoy, who headed the Persian language department at Saint Petersburg University. His studies with Nogmov sparked great interest in the Circassian languages, so upon returning to France in 1835, he took one copy of Nogmov's manuscript to publish it in Paris.
Around 1838, Nogmov wrote the book "History of the Adyghe People," where for the first time in the history of the Circassians, an attempt was made to scientifically systematize information about the Circassians themselves. In this book, he rather freely categorized certain peoples (starting from ancient times) as Adyghe.
In 1840, Nogmov completed his work, "Initial Rules of the Adyghe Grammar". This was the first development of the grammar of their native language in the history of the Circassians. Shortly after, Nogmov finished the "Kabardian-Russian Dictionary," which included over four thousand words.
While working as the secretary of the Kabardian Provisional Court, Nogmov tried to introduce advanced technologies and methods into the region's economic and business activities. He supported opportunities for vocational education, teaching trades, introducing new agricultural crops; he took an active part in selecting candidates for Petersburg military institutions, and into the Tsar's escort, the Caucasian-Mountain Half-Squadron. He also intended to open a school in Nalchik with instruction in the Kabardian-Circassian language.
Some of his conclusions regarding the attribution of certain ethnonyms to the Circassians were criticized as early as the 19th century. For example, in 1867, in the article "Essays on the Ethnography of the Caucasus," E. P. Kovalevsky declared the conclusions about the ethnonyms Antes and Jiks (Dzhigi) to be scientifically unfounded. While the attribution of the ethnonym Jiks to Circassians is currently rarely disputed, it has now been established that the Antes tribe is of Sarmatian (Eastern Iranian) origin and inhabited the region of the Black Sea steppes. Later, the Antes were assimilated by the Slavs.
He was married to Salimat Asmalovna (Ismailovna) (married since 1819).