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List of Chinese empresses and queens

The following is a list of empresses and queens consort of China, who formed the highest tier of the imperial Chinese harem system. China has periodically been divided into kingdoms as well as united under empires, resulting in consorts titled both queen and empress. The empress title could also be given posthumously, as to the mothers and grandmothers of the founders of dynasties.

Empresses and queens

The title of empress (, húanghòu) could also be given posthumously. The posthumous empresses are listed separately by the year they were given the title.

Predynastic Zhou (c. 1150–1046 BCE)

Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BCE)

Western Han dynasty (202 BCE–9 CE)

Xin dynasty (9–23)

Eastern Han dynasty (25–220)

Three Kingdoms period (220–280)

Cao Wei (220–266)

Shu Han (221–263)

Eastern Wu (222–280)

Jin dynasty (266–403, 404–420)

Huan Chu dynasty (403–404)

Sixteen Kingdoms period (304–439)

Cheng-Han (304–347)

Han-Zhao (304–329)

Later Zhao (319–351)

Ran Wei (350–352)

Former Liang (301–376)

Later Liang (386–403)

Western Liang (400–421)

Northern Liang (397–439)

Southern Liang (397–404, 408–414)

Former Qin (351–394)

Later Qin

Western Qin

Former Yan

Later Yan

Northern Yan

Southern Yan

Xia

Northern and Southern dynasties

Liu Song

Southern Qi

Northern Wei

Western Wei

Eastern Wei

Northern Qi

Liang dynasty

Chen dynasty

Northern Zhou

Sui dynasty

Tang dynasty

Qin
  • Empress Ju
Han (Dingyang)
  • Empress Ju
Xia
Yan
Qi

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

Qi

Former Shu

Yan

Later Liang

Southern Han

Later Tang

Wu

Min

Southern Tang

Later Jin

Yin

Later Han

Later Zhou

Northern Han

Song dynasty

Yuan dynasty

Ming dynasty

Southern Ming

Qing dynasty

Empresses dowager

The title of Empress dowager (, húangtàihòu) was automatically given to a former Empress consort and widow of an Emperor. The title, Empress dowager, could be granted a widow of an Emperor even when she had not been the Empress consort during the reign of her spouse. Therefore, a separate list is given of the Empresses dowager, which, in some cases, equals the list of Empresses consort, and in other cases, not.

Han dynasty

Northern Dynasties

Northern Wei

Tang dynasty

Song dynasty

Yuan dynasty

Ming dynasty

Qing dynasty

Grand empresses dowager

Empresses whose titles were granted posthumously

Sui dynasty

Tang dynasty

Song dynasty

Yuan dynasty

Ming dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty

Qing dynasty

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography