List of state leaders in the 1st century BC

State leaders in the 2nd century BC – State leaders in the 1st century– State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 1st century BC (100–1 BC).

Africa

Africa: Northcentral

Libya

• Cyrene (complete list) –

*Ptolemy Apion, King (c.147–96 BC)

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

• Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (complete list) –

*Ptolemy IX Lathyros, Pharaoh (116–110 BC, 110–109 BC, 88–81 BC)

*Ptolemy X Alexander I, Pharaoh (110–109 BC, 107–88 BC)

*Berenice III, Pharaoh (101–88 BC, 81–80 BC)

*Ptolemy XI Alexander II, Pharaoh (80 BC)

*Ptolemy XII Auletes, Pharaoh (80–58 BC, 55–51 BC)

*Cleopatra VI, Pharaoh (58–57 BC)

*Berenice IV, Pharaoh (58–55 BC)

*Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Pharaoh (51–47 BC)

*Cleopatra VII, Pharaoh (51–30 BC)

*Arsinoe IV, Queen (48–47 BC)

*Ptolemy XIV, Pharaoh (47–44 BC)

*Caesarion, Pharaoh (44–30 BC)

Nubia

• Kush (complete list) –

*Tanyidamani, Qore (2nd–1st century BC)

*Naqyrinsan, Qore (early 1st century BC)

*Aqrakamani, Qore (late 1st century BC)

*Teriteqas, Qore (c.40 BC)

*Amanirenas, Kandake, Queen Regent (c.40–10 BC)

*Amanishakheto, Kandake, Queen Regent (c.10 BC–1 AD)

*Amanitore, Kandake, Queen Co-regent (c.40–10 BC)

*Amanikhabale, Qore (c.50–40 BC)

Africa: Northwest

Algeria

• Numidia (complete list) –

*Gauda, King (105–88 BC)

*Hiempsal II, King (88–60 BC)

*Juba I, King (60–46 BC)

*Juba II, client King under Rome (29–25 BC)

Morocco

• Mauretania (complete list) –

*Bocchus I, King (c.110–c.80s BC)

*Bocchus II, King (49–c.33 BC)

*Bogud, Co-King (49–c.38 BC)

*Juba II, client King under Rome (25 BC–23 AD)

Asia

Asia: East

China

• Western Han, China (complete list) –

*Wu, Emperor (141–87 BC)

*Zhao, Emperor (87–74 BC)

*Liu He, Emperor (74 BC)

*Xuan Di, Emperor (74–49 BC)

*Yuan, Emperor (48–33 BC)

*Cheng, Emperor (33–7 BC)

*Ai, Emperor (7–1 BC)

*Ping, Emperor (1 BC–5 AD)

Korea: Three Kingdoms

• Baekje (complete list) –

*Onjo, King (18 BC–28 AD)

• Eastern Buyeo (complete list) –

*Hae Buru, King (86–48 BC)

*Geumwa, King (48–7 BC)

*Daeso, King (7 BC–22 AD)

• Goguryeo (complete list) –

*Dongmyeong, King (37–19 BC)

*Yuri, King (19 BC–18 AD)

• Silla (complete list) –

*Hyeokgeose, King (57 BC–4 AD)

Asia: South

India

• Kanva dynasty (complete list) –

*Vasudeva (c.75–c.66 BC)

*Bhumimitra (c.66–c.52 BC)

*Narayana (c.52–c.40 BC)

*Susharman (c.40–c.30 BC)

• Satavahana dynasty (Purana-based chronology) –

*Satakarni II, King (141–85 BC)

*Lambodara, King (85–67 BC)

*Apilaka, King (67–55 BC)

*Meghasvati, King (55–37 BC)

*Svati, King (37–19 BC)

*Skandasvati, King (19–12 BC)

*Mrigendra Satakarni, King (12–9 BC)

*Kunatala Satakarni, King (9–1 BC)

*Satakarni III, King (1 BC–1 AD)

• Northern Satraps (complete list) –

*Hagamasha, Satrap (late 1st century BC)

*Hagana, Satrap (late 1st century BC)

• Shunga Empire (complete list) –

*Devabhuti, Emperor (83–73 BC)

Pakistan

• Apracharajas (complete list) –

*Indravarman, Raja (1st century BC)

*Vijayamitra, Raja (12 BC–15 AD)

Sri Lanka

• Anuradhapura Kingdom (complete list) –

*Pulahatta, King (103–100 BC)

*Bahiya, King (100–98 BC)

*Panya Mara, King (98–91 BC)

*Pilaya Mara, King (91–90 BC)

*Dathika, King (90–88 BC)

*Valagamba, King (104–103, c.89–77 BC)

*Mahakuli Mahatissa, King (76–62 BC)

*Chora Naga, King (62–50 BC)

*Kuda Tissa, King (50–47 BC)

*Siva I, King (47–47 BC)

*Vatuka, King (47–47 BC)

*Darubhatika Tissa, King (47–47 BC)

*Niliya, King (47–47 BC)

*Anula, King (47–42 BC)

*Kutakanna Tissa, King (42–20 BC)

*Bhatikabhaya Abhaya, King (20 BC–9 AD)

Asia: West

• Bithynia (complete list) –

*Nicomedes III Euergetes, King (127–94 BC)

*Nicomedes IV Philopator, King (94–74 BC)

*Socrates Chrestus, King (c.90 BC)

• Cappadocia (complete list) –

*Ariarathes VIII, client King under Rome (101–96 BC)

*Ariarathes IX, nominal King under Pontus (c. 95 BC)

*Ariobarzanes I, client King (95–c.63 BC)

*Ariobarzanes II, client King under Rome (c.63–51 BC)

*Ariobarzanes III, client King under Rome (51–42 BC)

*Ariarathes X, client King under Rome (42–36 BC)

*Archelaus, client King under Rome (36 BC–17 AD)

• Characene (complete list) –

*Tiraios I, King (95/94–90/89 BC)

*Tiraios II, King (79/78–49/48 BC)

*Artabazos I, King (49/48–48/47 BC)

*Attambelos I, King (47/46–25/24 BC)

*Theonesios I, King (c.19/18)

*Attambelos II, King (c.17/16 BC–8/9 AD)

• Bosporan Kingdom (complete list) –

*Asander, client King under Rome (47 BC, 44–17 BC)

*Dynamis, client Queen under Rome (47–14 BC)

*Mithridates, client King under Rome (47–44 BC)

*Scribonius, King (17–16 BC)

*Aspurgus, client King under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)

• Colchis (complete list) –

*Mithridates, client King under Pontus (fl. 65 BC)

*Machares, client King under Pontus (fl. 65 BC)

*Aristarchus, client King under Rome (65–47 BC)

• Commagene (complete list) –

*Mithridates I, King (109–70 BC)

*Antiochus I, King (70–38 BC)

*Mithridates II, King (38–20 BC)

*Mithridates III, King (20–12 BC)

*Antiochus III, King (12 BC–17 AD)

• Elymais (complete list) –

*Kamnaskires III Megas Nikephorus, client King under Parthia (c.85 BC)

*Kamnaskires IV, client King under Parthia (c.82/1–c.76/5 BC)

*Kamnaskires V, client King under Parthia (c.73/2–c.46 BC)

*Kamnaskires VI, client King under Parthia (c.46–c.28 BC)

*Kamnaskires VII, client King under Parthia (c.28 BC–c.1 AD)

• Indo-Greek Kingdom (complete list) –

*Antialcidas, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, and Gandhara (115–95 BC)

*Heliokles II, King of Gandhara and Punjab (110–100 BC)

*Polyxenios, King of Paropamisade and Arachosia (c.100 BC)

*Demetrius III, King of Gandhara and Punjab (c.100 BC)

*Philoxenus, King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (100–95 BC)

*Diomedes, King of Paropamisade (95–90 BC)

*Amyntas, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (95–90 BC)

*Epander, King of Punjab (95–90 BC)

*Theophilos, King of Paropamisade (c.90 BC)

*Peukolaos, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (c.90 BC)

*Nicias, King of Paropamisade (90–85 BC)

*Menander II, King of Arachosia and Gandhara (90–85 BC)

*Hermaeus, King of Paropamisade (90–70 BC)

*Archebius, King of Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (90–80 BC)

*Maues, Indo-Scythian King of Paropamisade, Arachosia, Gandhara, and Punjab (85–60 BC)

*Artemidoros, King of Gandhara/Punjab (c.80 BC)

*Apollodotus II, King of Punjab (80–65 BC)

*Telephos, King of Gandhara (75–70 BC)

*Hippostratos, King of Western Punjab (65–55 BC)

*Dionysios, King of Eastern Punjab (65–55 BC)

*Zoilos II, King of Eastern Punjab (55–35 BC)

*Apollophanes, King of Eastern Punjab (35–25 BC)

*Strato II and Strato III, Kings of Eastern Punjab (25 BC–10 AD)

• Indo-Scythian Kingdom (complete list) –

*Maues, King (c.85–60 BC)

*Vonones, King (c.75–65 BC)

*Spalahores, King (c.75–65 BC)

*Spalirises, King (c.60–57 BC)

*Azes I, King (c.57–35 BC)

*Azilises, King (c.57–35 BC)

*Azes II, King (c.35–12 BC)

*Zeionises, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD)

*Kharahostes, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD)

• Judea: Hasmonean dynasty (complete list) –

*Alexander Jannaeus, King and High Priest (103–76 BC)

*Alexandra Salome, Queen (76–67 BC)

*John Hyrcanus II

:*High Priest (76–66, 63–40 BC)

:*King (67–66 BC)

:*Ethnarch (47–40 BC)

*Aristobulus II, King and High Priest (66–63 BC)

*Antipater, Procurator (47–44 BC)

*Antigonus, King and High Priest (40–37 BC)

• Judea: Herodian dynasty (complete list) –

*Herod the Great, client King under Rome (37–4 BC)

• Nabataea (complete list) –

*Aretas II, King (120/110–96 BC)

*Obodas I, King (c.96–85 BC)

*Aretas III, King (84–60/59 BC)

*Obodas II, King (62/61–60/59 BC)

*Malichus I, King (59–30 BC)

*Obodas III, King (30–9 BC)

*Aretas IV Philopatris, King (9/8 BC–39/40 AD)

• Osroene (complete list) –

*Bakru II, King (112–94 BC)

*Ma'nu I, King (94 BC)

*Abgar I, King (94–68 BC)

*Abgar II, King (68–52 BC)

*Ma'nu II, King (52–34 BC)

*Paqor of, King (34–29 BC)

*Abgar III, King (29–26 BC)

*Abgar IV, King (26–23 BC)

*Ma'nu III, King (23–4 BC)

*Abgar V, King (4 BC–7 AD, 13–50)

• Parthian Empire (complete list) –

*Mithridates II, Great King, Shah (124–88 BC)

*Gotarzes I, Great King, Shah (95–90 BC)

*Orodes I, Great King, Shah (90–80 BC)

*Sanatruces, Great King, Shah (77–70 BC)

*Phraates III, Great King, Shah (70–57 BC)

*Mithridates III, Great King, Shah (57–54 BC)

*Orodes II, Great King, Shah (57–38 BC)

*Pacorus I,§ Great King, Shah (51 BC)

*Phraates IV, Great King, Shah (37–2 BC)

*Tiridates II,§ Great King, Shah (32 BC)

*Musa, Great Queen, Shah (2 BC–4 AD)

*Phraates V, Great King, Shah (2 BC–4 AD)

• Pontus (complete list) –

*Mithridates VI, King (120–63 BC)

*Pharnaces II, client King under Rome (63–47 BC)

*Darius, client King under Rome (39–37 BC)

*Arsaces, client King under Rome (c.37 BC)

*Polemon I, client King under Rome (37–8 BC)

*Pythodorida, client Queen under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)

• Seleucid Empire (complete list) –

*Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, King (114–96 BC)

*Seleucus VI Epiphanes, King (96–95 BC)

*Antiochus X Eusebes, King (95–92/83 BC)

*Antiochus XI Epiphanes, King (95–87 BC)

*Demetrius III Eucaerus, King (95–92 BC)

*Philip I Philadelphus, King (95–84/83 BC)

*Antiochus XII Dionysus, King (87–84 BC)

*Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes, King (83–69 BC)

*Antiochus XIII Asiaticus, King (69–64 BC)

*Philip II Philoromaeus, King (65–63 BC)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

• Sapaean kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

*Cotys I, King (57–48 BC)

*Rhescuporis I, King (48–41 BC)

• Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

*Teres III, King (c.149 BC)

*Beithys, King (140–120 BC)

*Cotys V, King (120–? BC)

*Sadalas I, King (87–79 BC)

*Cotys VI, King (57–48 BC)

*Sadalas II, King (48–42 BC)

*Sadalas III, King (42–31 BC)

*Rhescuporis II, King (18–13 BC)

*Rhascus, King (18–11 BC)

*Rhoemetalces I, King (12 BC–12 AD)

Europe: British Isles

• Atrebates (complete list) –

*Commius, King (57–c.22 BC

*Tincomarus, King (c.22–8 AD)

*Eppillus, King (8–15)

*Verica, King (15–40)

• Catuvellauni (complete list) –

*Cassivellaunus, Chieftain/Leader (c. 54 BC)

*Tasciovanus, King (c.20 BC–9 AD)

Europe: Central

• Marcomanni (complete list) –

*Maroboduus, King (9 BC–19 AD)

Europe: East

• Dacia (complete list) –

*Charnabon, King (5th century BC)

*Histrianorum, King (c.339 BC)

*Cothelas, King (4th century BC)

*Dual, King (3rd century BC)

*Rhemaxos, King (c.200 BC)

*Moskon, King (3rd century BC)

*Dromichaetes, King (3rd century BC)

*Zalmodegicus, King (late 3rd century BC)

*Rubobostes, King (2nd century BC)

*Oroles, King (2nd century BC)

*Dicomes, King (1st century BC)

*Rholes, King (1st century BC)

*Dapyx, King (1st century BC)

*Cotiso, King (1st century BC)

*Zyraxes, King (1st century BC)

*Burebista, King (82–44 BC)

*Comosicus, King (44 BC–28 AD)

Europe: South

• Roman Republic (complete list) –

*100

:*Gaius Marius, Consul

:*Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Consul

*99

:*Marcus Antonius, Consul

:*Aulus Postumius Albinus, Consul

*98

:*Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos, Consul

:*Titus Didius, Consul

*97

:*Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus, Consul

:*Publius Licinius Crassus, Consul

*96

:*Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, Consul

:*Gaius Cassius Longinus, Consul

*95

:*Lucius Licinius Crassus, Consul

:*Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex, Consul

*94

:*Gaius Coelius Caldus, Consul

:*Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, Consul

*93

:*Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Consul

:*Marcus Herennius, Consul

*92

:*Gaius Claudius Pulcher, Consul

:*Marcus Perperna, Consul

*91

:*Lucius Marcius Philippus, Consul

:*Sextus Julius Caesar, Consul

*90

:*Lucius Julius Caesar, Consul

:*Publius Rutilius Lupus, Consul

*89

:*Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, Consul

:*Lucius Porcius Cato, Consul

*88

:*Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Consul

:*Quintus Pompeius Rufus, Consul

*87

:*Gnaeus Octavius, Consul

:*Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Consul

:*Lucius Cornelius Merula, Suffect consul

*86

:*Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Consul

:*Gaius Marius, Consul

:*Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Suffect consul

*85

:*Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Consul

:*Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Consul

*84

:*Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Consul

:*Lucius Cornelius Cinna, Consul

*83

:*Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, Consul

:*Gaius Norbanus, Consul

*82

:*Gaius Marius the Younger, Consul

:*Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Consul

*81

:*

:*Marcus Tullius Decula, Consul

:*Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella, Consul

*80

:*Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Consul

:*Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius, Consul

*79

:*Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, Consul

:*Appius Claudius Pulcher, Consul

*78

:*Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, Consul

:*Quintus Lutatius Catulus, Consul

*77

:*Decimus Junius Brutus, Consul

:*Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus, Consul

*76

:*Gnaeus Octavius, Consul

:*Gaius Scribonius Curio, Consul

*75

:*Lucius Octavius, Consul

:*Gaius Aurelius Cotta, Consul

*74

:*Lucullus, Consul

:*Marcus Aurelius Cotta, Consul

*73

:*Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus, Consul

:*Gaius Cassius Longinus, Consul

*72

:*Lucius Gellius Publicola, Consul

:*Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus, Consul

*71

:*Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, Consul

:*Gnaeus Aufidius Orestes, Consul

*70

:*Pompey, Consul

:*Marcus Licinius Crassus, Consul

*69

:*Quintus Hortensius, Consul

:*Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus, Consul

*68

:*Lucius Caecilius Metellus, Consul

:*Quintus Marcius Rex, Consul

*67

:*Gaius Calpurnius Piso, Consul

:*Manius Acilius Glabrio, Consul

*66

:*Manius Aemilius Lepidus, Consul

:*Lucius Volcatius Tullus, Consul

*65

:*Lucius Aurelius Cotta, Consul

:*Lucius Manlius Torquatus, Consul

*64

:*Lucius Julius Caesar, Consul

:*Gaius Marcius Figulus, Consul

*63

:*Marcus Tullius Cicero, Consul

:*Gaius Antonius Hybrida, Consul

*62

:*Decimus Junius Silanus, Consul

:*Lucius Licinius Murena, Consul

*61

:*Marcus Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus, Consul

:*Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger, Consul

*60

:*Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer, Consul

:*Lucius Afranius, Consul

*59

:*Julius Caesar, Consul

:*Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, Consul

*58

:*Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus, Consul

:*Aulus Gabinius, Consul

*57

:*Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, Consul

:*Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos, Consul

*56

:*Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus, Consul

:*Lucius Marcius Philippus, Consul

*55

:*Pompey, Consul

:*Marcus Licinius Crassus, Consul

*54

:*Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, Consul

:*Appius Claudius Pulcher, Consul

*53

:*Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, Consul

:*Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus, Consul

*52

:*Pompey, Consul

:*Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, Consul

*51

:*Servius Sulpicius Rufus, Consul

:*Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Consul

*50

:*Lucius Aemilius Paullus, Consul

:*Gaius Claudius Marcellus, Consul

*49

:*Gaius Claudius Marcellus, Consul

:*Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, Consul

*

*

*

*

• Roman Empire: Principate (complete list) –

*Augustus/ Octavian, Principate, Emperor (27 BC–14 AD)

Eurasia: Caucasus

• Armenia (complete list) –

Artaxiad Dynasty

*Artavasdes I, King (123–95 BC)

*Tigranes II, the Great, King (95–55 BC)

*Artavasdes II, King (55–34 BC)

*Artaxias II, King (33–20 BC)

*Tigranes III, King (20–10 BC)

*Tigranes IV, King, co-monarch (10–2 BC)

*Erato, Queen, co-monarch (10–2 BC)

non-dynastic

*Ariobarzanes, client King under Rome (2 BC–4)

• Iberia (Kartli) (complete list) –

*Pharnajom, King (109–90 BC)

*Artaxias I, King (90–78 BC)

*Artoces, King (78–63 BC)

*Pharnavaz II, King (63–32 BC)

*Mirian II, King (30–20 BC)

*Arshak II, King (20 BC–1 AD)

References