These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.
A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.
Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2024 in politics and government, and past leaders on state leaders by year and colonial governors by century.
Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet (government), chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), secretary of state.
Heads of international organizations
Heads of state or government
Africa
Eastern Africa
Horn of Africa
Middle Africa
Northern Africa
Southern Africa
Western Africa
Americas
Caribbean
Central America
North America
South America
Asia
Central Asia
Eastern Asia
Southeastern Asia
South Asia
Western Asia
Europe
Eastern Europe
Northern Europe
Central Europe
Southern Europe
- Albania
- List of rulers of Illyria
- Monarchs of Albania
- Prime ministers of Albania
- Presidents of Albania
- Andorra
- Co-princes of Andorra
- Bishop of Urgell
- Prime ministers of Andorra
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Rulers of Bosnia
- Members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Heads of government of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Thracian kings
- Kings of Odrysia
- Moesia: Roman governors of Lower Moesia
- Bulgarian monarchs
- Prime ministers of Bulgaria
- Presidents of Bulgaria
- Croatia
- List of rulers of Croatia
- Presidents of Croatia
- Prime ministers of Croatia
- List of governors and heads of state of Fiume
- Heads of state of Krajina
- Heads of government of Krajina
- Greece: Rulers of Greece
- Italy: Rulers of Italy
- Kosovo
- Presidents of Kosovo
- Prime Minister of Kosovo
- North Macedonia
- Presidents of North Macedonia
- Prime ministers of North Macedonia
- Malta
- Presidents of Malta, 1974âÂÂpresent
- Prime ministers of Malta, 1921âÂÂ1933, 1947âÂÂ1958, 1962âÂÂpresent
- Monarchs of Malta, 1091âÂÂ1798, 1800âÂÂ1974
- Grand masters of Malta, 1530âÂÂ1798
- Civil commissioners of Malta, 1799âÂÂ1813
- Governors of Malta, 1813âÂÂ1964
- Governors-general of Malta, 1964âÂÂ1974
- Montenegro
- Rulers of Montenegro
- List of presidents of Montenegro
- Prime Minister of Montenegro
- Portugal
- Portuguese monarchs
- Dukes of Braganza
- Princes of Beira
- Prime ministers of Portugal
- Presidents of Portugal
- List of Portuguese monarchs
- San Marino
- Captains regent of San Marino, 1900âÂÂpresent
- Captains regent of San Marino, 1700âÂÂ1900
- Captains regent of San Marino, 1500âÂÂ1700
- Captains regent of San Marino, 1243âÂÂ1500
- Serbia
- Presidents of Serbia
- Prime ministers of Serbia
- President of the Government of Vojvodina
- List of heads of state of Yugoslavia
- Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
- President of Serbia and Montenegro
- Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
- Monarchs of Serbia
- Princes of Zeta
- Slovenia
- Presidents of Slovenia
- Prime Minister of Slovenia
- Spain
- Rulers of Spain
- Presidents of Spain
- Prime ministers of Spain
- Vatican City/Holy See
- Popes
- President of the Governorate
- Cardinal Secretary of State
Western Europe
Oceania
Australasia
Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia
Religious leaders
Christianity
*List of patriarchs, archbishops and bishops
Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Anglican Communion
Other denominations
Judaism
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
Other lists
Ministers by portfolio
Municipal leaders
External links