The types of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines have varied throughout the country's history, from heads of ancient chiefdoms, kingdoms and sultanates in the pre-colonial period, to the leaders of Spanish, American, and Japanese colonial governments as well as an unrecognized independent government, and the directly elected president of the modern sovereign state of the Philippines.
Archaic (pre-hispanic) Era
Before the nation of the Philippines was formed, the area of what was now the Philippines during the pre-colonial times was sets of divided nations ruled by Kings, Chieftains, Datus, Lakans, Rajahs and Sultans in Southeast Asia. It was when the Spaniards arrived that they named the collections of areas they conquered and unite in Southeast Asia as "Las Islas Filipinas" or The Islands of the Philippines.
Legendary rulers
Legendary rulers can be found in the oral tradition in Philippine Mythology, which having an uncertain historical/archeological evidence of their reign.
Archaic rulers
Pangasinan (historical polity)
Historical rulers of Tondo ,
Recorded rulers of Namayan
Rajahs of Cebu
The Sultans of Sulu (1405âÂÂpresent)
Philippines Era
The collection of islands conquered by the Spaniards was named Las islas Filipinas; a name given by Ruy López de Villalobos. It's the exact geographical location on which the modern day Republic of the Philippines based its territory.
Rulers during the Spanish colonization
During the Spanish colonization, Remaining monarchs reign until their kingdoms was absorbed to the new colonial nation of the Philippines through Spanish conquest. Many of these territories are absorbed much later.
- Rajah Colambu â King of Limasawa in 1521, brother of Rajah Siagu of Butuan. He befriended Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and guided him to Cebu on April 7, 1521.
- Rajah Humabon â Rajah of Cebu who became an ally of Ferdinand Magellan and the Spaniards. Rival of Datu Lapu-Lapu. In 1521, he and his wife were baptized as Christians and given Christian names Carlos and Juana after the Spanish royalty, King Carlos and Queen Juana.
- Sultan Kudarat â Sultan of Maguindanao
- Lakandula â Lakan of Tondo
- Datu Lapu-Lapu â King of Mactan Island. He defeated the Spaniards on April 27, 1521.
- Datu Iberein â A datu of Samar at around 1543.
- Datu Sikatuna â King of Bohol in 1565. He made a blood compact with Spanish explorer, Miguel López de Legazpi.
- Datu Pagbuaya â King of Bohol. He governed with his brother Datu Dailisan, a settlement along the shorelines between Mansasa, Tagbilaran and Dauis, which was abandoned years before the Spanish colonization due to Portuguese and Ternatean attacks. He founded Dapitan in the northern shore of Mindanao.
- Datu Dailisan â King of Mansasa, Tagbilaran and Dauis and governed their kingdom along with his brother Datu Pagbuaya. His death during one of the Portuguese raids caused the abandonment of the settlement.
- Datu Manooc â Christian name â Pedro Manuel Manooc, son of Datu Pagbuaya who converted to Christianity, defeated the Higaonon tribe in Iligan, Mindanao. He established one of the first Christian settlements in the country.
- Rajah Siagu â Rajah of Butuan
- Apo Noan â Chieftain of Mandani (present day Mandaue) in 1521
- Rajah Sulayman â The heir apparent of the Kingdom of Luzon, was defeated by MartÃÂn de Goiti, a Spanish soldier commissioned by López de Legazpi to Manila.
- Rajah Tupas â Rajah of Cebu, conquered by Miguel López de Legazpi
- Datu Zula â A datu of Mactan, rival of Lapu-lapu
- Datu Kalun â Ruler of the Island of the Basilan and the Yakans in Mindanao, converted his line to Christianity
- Datu Sanday â Ruler of Marawi City
- unnamed Datu â King of Taytay Palawan. Mentioned by Pigafetta, chronicler of Magellan. The king, together with his wife were kidnapped by the remnant troops from Magellan's fleet after fleeing Cebu to secure provisions for their crossing to the Moluccas.
- Datu Cabaylo (Cabailo) â The last king of the Kingdom of Taytay
During Revolts against Spain (1660âÂÂ1661)
British Occupation of Manila (1762âÂÂ1764)
Great Britain occupied Manila and the naval port of Cavite as part of the Seven Years' War.
Independent Ilocos (1762âÂÂ1763)
Under New Spain (1764âÂÂ1821)
Emperor of the Philippine Islands
Spanish East Indies (1821âÂÂ1898)
After the 1821 Mexican War of Independence, Mexico became independent and was no longer part of the Spanish Empire. The Viceroyalty of New Spain ceased to exist. The Philippines, as a result, was directly governed from Madrid, under the Crown.
Revolutionary Republics and States
These are the people who led during the Philippine Revolution against the Spaniards and the subsequent PhilippineâÂÂAmerican War from 1896 onwards.
American Colonial Period
After the SpanishâÂÂAmerican War ended with the Treaty of Paris, Spanish control over the Philippines (alongside Puerto Rico) was ceded to the United States for a sum of $20 million. The First Philippine Republic maintained unrecognized sovereignty until its suppression after the Philippine-American War. The islands remained a US territory until July 4, 1946.
World War II
Japanese occupation of the Philippines
Republic of the Philippines
<small>Marcos officially lifted martial law on January 17, 1981. However, he retained much of the government's power until the inauguration of the Fourth Philippine Republic on June 30, 1981</small>
See also
Notes
Subnotes
References
Works cited
External links