This is a list of investigational panic disorder drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use for the treatment of panic disorder (PD) but are not yet approved.
Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses. The format of list items is "Name (Synonyms) â Mechanism of Action [Reference]".
This list was last comprehensively updated in September 2025. It is likely to become outdated with time.
Under development
Phase 2
Phase unknown
Not under development
No development reported
Discontinued
Clinically used drugs
Approved drugs
Off-label drugs
- Anticonvulsants (e.g., valproic acid)
- Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., quetiapine)
- Azapirones (serotonin 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor agonists) (e.g., buspirone)
- Benzodiazepines (GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor positive allosteric modulators) (e.g., alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam)
- Beta blockers (e.g., propranolol)
- Gabapentinoids (ñ<sub>2</sub>ô subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channel ligands) (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (e.g., isocarboxazid, moclobemide, phenelzine, tranylcypromine)
- NMDA receptor antagonists (e.g., ketamine, esketamine)
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (e.g., citalopram, fluvoxamine)
- SerotoninâÂÂnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (e.g., desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran)
- Serotonin modulators and stimulators (SMSs) (e.g., vilazodone, vortioxetine)
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine)
- Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) (e.g., mirtazapine)
- Others (e.g., hydroxyzine)
See also
References
External links