List of investigational anxiety disorder drugs

This is a list of investigational anxiety disorder drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of anxiety disorders (type unspecified) but are not yet approved.

Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses. The format of list items is "Name (Synonyms) – Mechanism of Action [Reference]".

This list was last comprehensively updated in September 2025. It is likely to become outdated with time.

Under development

Phase 3

• Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; lysergide; MM-120; MM120) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800058011
• Ranquilon (6-phenylhexanoyl)glycyl-<small>L</small>-tryptophan amide; GB-115) – cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800070670
• Soclenicant (BNC-210; BNC210; IW-2143; <small>L</small>-isoleucyl-<small>L</small>-tryptophan) – α₇-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor negative allosteric modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800030421

Phase 2

• BAER-101 (AZ-7325; AZD-7325) – selective GABA_A α₂ and α₃ subunit-containing receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine/cinnoline
• Brexanolone caprilcerbate (Glyph Allopregnanolone; GlyphAllo; LYT-300; SPT-300; allopregnanolone prodrug) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and neurosteroid (brexanolone prodrug) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800060201
• Cannabidiol (CBD; Arvisol) – cannabinoid receptor modulator and other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043019
• Cenobamate (ONO-2017; Ontozry; X-Copri; Xcopri; YKP-3089) – atypical voltage-gated sodium channel blocker and GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800023388
• JNJ-42165279 (JNJ-5279) – fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800036911
• Maritupirdine (CD-008-0045) – serotonin 5-HT₆ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800030006
• Psilocybin low dose (APEX-52) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800067354
• Vortioxetine (Brintellix; Lu-AA21004; trintellix; Vortidif) – serotonin reuptake inhibitor, serotonin 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_1B receptor agonist, and serotonin 5-HT_1D, 5-HT₃, and 5-HT₇ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800020088
• Zuranolone (BIIB-125; S-812217; SAGE-217; SGE-797; Zurzuvae) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and neurosteroid https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800043382

Phase 1

• Etifoxine deuterated (deuterated etifoxine; GRX-917) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator, translocator protein (TSPO) agonist, and nonbenzodiazepine/benzoxazine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800056063
• KAR-2618 (GFB-887; TRPC4/5 inhibitor) – transient receptor potential TRPC4 and TRPC5 cation channel inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800055054
• SNTX-2643 (SENS-01) – atypical serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) (kanna-derived) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800072348
• Transient receptor potential channel 4/5 inhibitor - Bristol-Myers Squibb – transient receptor potential TRPC4 and TRPC5 cation channel inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800078585

Preclinical

• EB-002 (EB-373; psilocin prodrug) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800070554
• Midomafetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) microneedle patch – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT₂ receptor agonist, and entactogen https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800072394
• Nerinetide (NA-1; Tat-NR2B9c) – PDZ domain inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800025243
• OV-4041 – potassium–chloride-cotransporter agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800081956
• PSIL-025 – serotonin 5-HT₁ receptor modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800078291

Phase unknown

• INV-407 – undefined mechanism of action https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800074523

Not under development

No development reported

• ACH-36 – undefined mechanism of action https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800044215
• Alprazolam sublingual – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and benzodiazepine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800033842
• Antalarmin (CP-154526) – corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800007484
• Buspirone controlled release (Buspirone ER) – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor partial agonist and other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800050531
• BW-723C86 – serotonin 5-HT_2B and 5-HT_2C receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800013032
• Cannabidiol dry powder inhalation (RLS-103) – cannabinoid receptor modulator and other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800069850
• Darigabat (CVL-865; PF-06372865; PF-6372865) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039009
• Divaplon (RU-32698) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine/imidazolpyrimidine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000631
• Fananserin (RP-62203) – serotonin 5-HT_2A receptor antagonist and dopamine D₄ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001227
• FR260010 (FR-260010) – serotonin 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800022026 https://synapse.patsnap.com/drug/e7690a53f96c4caaa5f68690b7d87270
• GSK-588045 (GSK588045) – serotonin 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_1B, and 5-HT_1D receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800026155
• GSK-1360707 – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800032430
• GT-001 – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800046626
• Guanfacine extended release (Connexyn; Intuniv; Intuniv XR; S-877503; SHP-503; SPD-503) – α₂-adrenergic receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800011997
• Itriglumide (CR-2945) – cholecystokinin B (CCK_B) receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800010503
• Lohocla-201 (Kindolor) – various actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800048170
• LY-293284 – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800003567
• NMRA-511 (BTRX-323511; NMRA-323511) – vasopressin V_1A receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800048152
• Paroxetine (Aropax; BRL-29060; Deroxat; Divarius; FG-7051; Frosinor; Motivan; NNC-207051; Paxil; Seroxat; SI-211103; Tagonis) – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800006148
• Psilocybin (MYCO-001; MYCO-003) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800061306
• PT-00114 (PT100114) – corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800049398
• Research programme: allosteric modulators - Addex Therapeutics – various actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800024111
• Research programme: AMPA receptor agonists - RespireRx (ampakines; CX compounds) – AMPA receptor agonists and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stimulants https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800013391
• Research programme: anxiety and neurological disorder therapeutics - AstraZeneca – various actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800019815
• Research programme: cannabis-based therapeutics - Skye Bioscience – cannabinoid receptor agonists https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800041793
• Research programme: neuropeptide S receptor modulators - Pfizer (WYE-198232) – neuropeptide receptor agonists https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800033591
• Research programme: oxytocin receptor agonist - Wyeth – oxytocin receptor agonists https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029344
• RGH-618 – metabotropic glutamate mGlu₅ receptor negative allosteric modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800045119
• Riluzole (PK-26124; Rilutek; RP-54274) – various actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800004952
• Risperidone (JNJ-410397-AAA; R-64766; R064766; Risperdal; Risperdal Consta; Risperdal Depot) – atypical antipsychotic (non-selective monoamine receptor modulator) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000643
• Saripidem (SL-850274) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine/imidazopyridine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001372
• SB-242084 (SB242084) – serotonin 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800009495
• SRX-246 (API-246) – vasopressin V_1A receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800023656
• SYT-510 – anandamide reuptake inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800061198
• Tebideutorexant (JNJ-3215; JNJ-61393215; Orexin-1) – orexin OX₁ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800045658
• WAY-100135 – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800002060
• Ziprasidone (CP-88059-01; CP-88059-1; Geodon; ME-2112; RQ-00000003; Zeldox) – atypical antipsychotic (non-selective monoamine receptor modulator) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800002668

Discontinued

• 1-Amino-5-bromouracil (ABU) – undefined mechanism of action https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800003150
• ABT-418 – nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800004036
• ABT-436 – vasopressin V_1B receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800031610
• Adipiplon (NG-273) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800021866
• Alnespirone (S-20499) – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001421
• Alosetron (GR-68755; GR-68755C; Lotronex) – serotonin 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001233
• Alpidem (Ananxyl; S-800342-001; SL-800342) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine/imidazopyridine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000646
• Alprazolam lingual spray – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and benzodiazepine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800020311
• AN-788 (IP-2018; NSD788) – serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SDRI) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800028006
• AP-521 – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor partial agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800004776
• Aprepitant (Emend; L-754030; MK-0869; MK-869; ONO-7436) – neurokinin NK₁ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800009602
• AVN-211 (CD-008-0173) – serotonin 5-HT₆ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029827
• AVN-397 – undefined mechanism of action https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800031584
• AZD-2327 – δ-opioid receptor (DOR) agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800024943
• AZD-8129 (AR-A000002; AR-A2XX; AR-A2) – serotonin 5-HT_1B receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800009791
• Befloxatone (MD-370503) – reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001426
• Blarcamesine (AE-37; ANA001; ANAVEX 2-73) – sigma σ₁ receptor agonist, muscarinic acetylcholine M₁ receptor agonist, and ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800033840
• Bretazenil (RO-166028) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and benzodiazepine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000640
• Brofaromine (Brofaremine; CGP-11305A; Consonar; Consonev) – reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) and serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000689
• Buspirone transdermal (BuSpar Patch) – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor partial agonist and other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800007478
• CGS-12066 – serotonin 5-HT_1B receptor partial agonist and other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800006033
• Coluracetam (BCI-540; MKC-231) – ionotropic glutamate AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator, choline uptake and acetylcholine synthesis enhancer, and racetam https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001490
• DAA-1097 – translocator protein (TSPO) agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800012539
• Devazepide (Devacade; L-364718; MK-329) – Cholecystokinin A (CCK_A) receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000913
• Dipraglurant (ADX-48621; mGluR5-NAM) – metabotropic glutamate mGlu₅ receptor negative allosteric modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800026607
• Eglumetad (eglumegad; LY-354740) – metabotropic glutamate mGlu₂ and mGlu₃ receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800008428
• Emapunil (AC-5216; XBD173) – translocator protein (TSPO) agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800013611
• Emicerfont (GW-876008; GW876008) – corticotropin releasing factor CRF₁ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800016136
• Enciprazine (D-3112; WY-48624) – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor agonist and α₁-adrenergic receptor ligand https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000720
• Eplivanserin (Ciltyri; Sliwens; SR-46349; SR-46349B; SR-46615A) – serotonin 5-HT_2A receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001948
• Eptapirone (F-11440) – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800010848
• Esprolol – β-adrenergic receptor antagonist (prodrug of amoxolol) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800011278
• Flesinoxan (DU-29373) – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001126
• Gabapentin (CI-945; Gabapen; GOE-3450; Neurontin) – gabapentinoid (α₂δ subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channel ligand) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800002421
• Girisopam (EGIS-5810; GYKI-51189) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and benzodiazepine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800005437
• GT-2203 – histamine H₃ receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800008938
• Guanfacine (Guanfacine Carrier Wave project; SPD-554) – α₂-adrenergic receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800036598
• Ipsapirone (BAY-Q-7821; TVX-Q-7821) – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor partial agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000695
• Isamoltane (CGP-361A) – beta blocker (β-adrenergic receptor antagonist) and serotonin 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_1B receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000697
• Itasetron (DAU-6215; U-98079) – serotonin 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001482
• ITI-333 – serotonin 5-HT_2A receptor antagonist, dopamine D₁ receptor antagonist, α_1A-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and μ-opioid receptor (MOR) partial agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800059932
• JNJ-19567470 (CRA-5626; R-317573) – corticotropin releasing factor CRF₁ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800050031
• Levetiracetam (Keppra; L-059; SIB-S1; UCB-059; UCB-22059; UCB-L059) – synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) ligand https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000703
• Lorazepam intranasal – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and benzodiazepine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800021355
• Mavoglurant (AFQ-056; STP-7) – metabotropic glutamate mGlu₅ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800022397
• Midazolam intranasal (ITI-111; midazolam nasal spray; Nayzilam; USL-261) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and benzodiazepine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800021351
• MK-0777 (L-830982; TPA-023) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine/triazolopyridazine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800024505
• NBI-34041 (SB-723620) – corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) inhibitor https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800016501
• Nerisopam (EGIS-6775; GYKI-52322) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and benzodiazepine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001415
• Nivasorexant (ACT-539313; SORA) – orexin OX₁ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800049623
• NS-11821 (NS11821) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800049038
• Orvepitant (GW-823296; GW823296X) – neurokinin NK₁ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800020168
• Osanetant (ACER-801; SR-142801; SR-142806) – neurokinin NK₃ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800006188
• Panadiplon (FD-10571; FG-10571; NNC-140571; U-78875) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine/pyrazolopyrimidine https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001194
• Pazinaclone (A-77000; DN-2327) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine/cyclopyrrolone https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000717
• Pozanicline (A-87089.0; ABT-089) – nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800006779
• Psilocybin (CYB-001; INT0052/2020) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800059460
• Research programme: depression and anxiety therapies - Roche/Vernalis – undefined mechanism of action https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800017462
• Research programme: GPCR modulators - Nxera Pharma – various actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800029765
• Research programme: monoamine oxidase A inhibitors - CeNeRx BioPharma – monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitors https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800023957
• Ritanserin (R-55667) – serotonin 5-HT₂ receptor antagonist and other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000237
• Robalzotan (AZD-7371; NAD-299) – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800006370
• RS-127445 (MT-500) – serotonin 5-HT_2B receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800012581
• SAX-187 (WAY-181187) – serotonin 5-HT₆ receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800021227
• Sergolexole (LY-281067) – serotonin 5-HT₂ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000706
• Siramesine (LU-28179) – sigma σ₂ receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001859
• SKL-PSY (FZ-016) – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800020466
• SSR-241586 (SSR241586) – neurokinin NK₂ and NK₃ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800027096
• SUN-8399 – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800001433
• Suriclone (RP-31264) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine/cyclopyrrolone https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000574
• Talaglumetad (LY-544344) – metabotropic glutamate mGlu₂ and mGlu₃ receptor agonist (eglumetad prodrug) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800018821
• Tiagabine (A-70569; CEP-6671; Gabitril; NO-050328; NO-328) – GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) blocker and GABA reuptake inhibitor
• TMP-301 (Heptares 25; HTL-0014242; HTL14242) – metabotropic glutamate mGlu₅ receptor negative allosteric modulator https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800053572
• Troriluzole (BHV-4157; Dazluma; FC-4157; trigriluzole) – various actions (riluzole prodrug) https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800044536
• Vestipitant (GW-597599) – neurokinin NK₁ receptor antagonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800015473
• Zalospirone (WY-47846) – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000554

Clinically used drugs

Approved drugs

• Emoxypine (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine; Mexidol) – antioxidant and unknown mechanism of action https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800005240
• Tandospirone (metanopirone; Sediel; SM-3997) – serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor partial agonist https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800000567
• Tianeptine (Coaxil; Stablon; Tatinol) – weak atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist and other actions https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800008544

See also

• Lists of investigational drugs
• List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs
• List of investigational social anxiety disorder drugs
• List of investigational panic disorder drugs
• List of investigational post-traumatic stress disorder drugs

References

External links

• AdisInsight - Springer