List of geographic names of Iranian origin

Dushanbe: The name is derived from the Persian word for "Monday" (du two + shamba or shanbe day, lit. "day two") and refers to the fact that it was a popular Monday marketplace.

Garm: The name is derived from the Gharmi people, and Iranian people.

Kofarnihon: The name comes from the Persian ÃÂ©ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ± ÃÂÃÂÃÂ§ÃÂ, literally meaning "place where unbelievers hide".

Murghab: Derived from the Persian word ÃÂÃÂ±ÃÂºÃÂ§ÃÂ¨ meaning "river of the birds".

Panjakent: Persian ÃÂ¾ÃÂÃÂ¬Ã¢ÂÂÃÂ©ÃÂÃÂ¯ which means Five Cities. Its older name was Panj-deh (Five Villages). Kent or Kand is Iranian city or fortress. like Samarkand and Tashkand.

Qurghonteppa: Derived from the Persian word ÃÂ¯ÃÂ±ÃÂ¯ÃÂ§ÃÂ ÃÂªÃÂ¾ÃÂ meaning "Hills of Gurgan".

Turkmenistan

Ashgabat: The name is believed to derive from the Persian Ashk-ÃÂbÃÂd meaning "the City of Arsaces." Another explanation is that the name comes from the Arabic ÃÂ¹ÃÂ´ÃÂ (ishq, meaning "love") and the Persian ÃÂ¢ÃÂ¨ÃÂ§ÃÂ¯ (ÃÂbÃÂd meaning "cultivated place" or "city"), and hence loosely translates as "the city of love."

Cities

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan : Uzbek combined with Persian suffix -stan, originally from Sanskrit 'sthan' meaning 'land'. Literally meaning "Land of Uzbeks" in Persian.

Cities and regions

Afrasiab: Derived from the Persian afrÃÂsiyÃÂb (Persian: ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ±ÃÂ§ÃÂ³ÃÂÃÂ§ÃÂ¨; Avestan: FraÃÂrasyan; Pahlavi: FrÃÂsiyÃÂv, FrÃÂsiyÃÂk and FreangrÃÂsyÃÂk), the name of the mythical King and hero of Turan and an archenemy of Iran.

Bukhara: EncyclopÃÂ¦dia Iranica mentions that the name Bukhara is possibly derived from the Soghdian ÃÂ²uxÃÂrak. Another possible source of the name Bukhara may be from "a Turkic (Uighur) transfer of the Sanskrit word 'Vihara'" (monastery), and may be linked to the pre-Islamic presence of Buddhism (especially strong at the time of the Kushan empire) originating from the Indian sub-continent, and to the presence of some Turkish rulers in the 6th Century.

Dehkanabad : Formed with Persian suffix -abad.

Guliston: Formed with the Persian suffix -istan.

Jizzakh: The name "Jizzahk", derives from the Sogdian word for "small fort" and the present city is built of the site of the Sogdian town of Usrushana.

Karakalpakstan: Formed with the Persian suffix -istan.

Namangan and Namangan Province: Derived from the local salt mines (in Persian: ÃÂÃÂÃÂ©Ã¢ÂÂÃÂ©ÃÂ§ÃÂ namak kan).

Panjakent: In Sogdian, the native local Iranian language in pre-Islamic times, kanÃÂ¸ means town, which is derived from Old Persian kanda, meaning a town or a region. In this case, Khanda has been manipulated into "kent".

Samarkand: The name Samarkand is derived from Persian meaning "Stone Town". In Greek it was known as Marakanda. In Sogdian, the native local Iranian language in pre-Islamic times, kanÃÂ¸ means town, which is derived from Old Persian kanda, meaning a town or a region.

Shahrisabz: Its name (ÃÂ´ÃÂÃÂ± ÃÂ³ÃÂ¨ÃÂ²/ÃÂ ahr e Sabz) means "green city" in Persian.

Surxondaryo

Tashkent: In medieval times the town and the province were known as "Chach". Later, the town came to be known as Chachkand/Chashkand, meaning "Chach City." (Kand, qand, kent, kad, kath, kudÃ¢ÂÂall meaning a city, are derived from the Old Iranian, kanda, meaning a town or a city.

Xorazm

Yarkand: In Sogdian, the native local Iranian language in pre-Islamic times, kanÃÂ¸ means town, which is derived from Old Persian kanda, meaning a town or a region.

Zeravshan: From the Persian word ÃÂ²ÃÂ± ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ´ÃÂ§ÃÂ, meaning "the sprayer of Gold".

Geographical features

Zeravshan mountains: From the Persian word ÃÂ²ÃÂ± ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ´ÃÂ§ÃÂ, meaning "the sprayer of Gold".

East Asia

China: The English name of China comes from the Qin dynasty, possibly in a Sanskrit form; the pronunciation "China" came to the western languages through the Persian word ÃÂÃÂÃÂ "Chin".

Korea (both north and south):

After the Goryeo dynasty, the first Korean dynasty visited by Persian merchants who referred to KoryÃÂ (Goryeo) as Korea.

Brunei

Bandar Seri Begawan:

Indonesia

Banda Aceh: The first part of its name comes from the Persian bandar (ÃÂ¨ÃÂÃÂ¯ÃÂ±) and means "port" or "haven". It is also proudly referred to as the "port to Meccah", as Islam first arrived in Aceh and spread throughout Southeast Asia.

Bandar Lampung: Bandar (in Persian ÃÂ¨ÃÂÃÂ¯ÃÂ±) is a Persian word meaning "port" and "haven". Etymologically it combines Persian ÃÂ¨ÃÂÃÂ¯ Band (enclosed) and ÃÂ¯ÃÂ± dar (gate, door) meaning "an enclosed area" (i.e. protected from the sea). The word travelled with Persian sailors over a wide area leading to several coastal places in Iran and elsewhere having Bandar (haven) as part of their names.

Malaysia

Bandar Sri Damansara:

Bandar Seri Putra:

Bandar Baru Bangi:

Bandar Samariang:

Southern Asia

Bangladesh

Bandar Upazila

Bandar Thana

India

India:

The name India is derived from Indus, which is derived from the Old Persian word Hind. This is the name of the Indus River in Old Persian. The word Hindu also originates from the Old Persian, meaning people who live beyond the Indus River, and it originally referred to the people, not the religion.

Furthermore, the name "Hindustan", a name for historical India, is Persian derived.

Punjab

Pakistan

Pakistan: Formed from the Persian meaning "Land of the Pure"; "PÃÂk-" meaning "pure" and the Persian suffix "-istÃÂn" meaning "land"

Punjab: formed from Persian meaning "land of the five streams"; "Panj-" meaning "five" and "-ÃÂb" meaning "waters"

Cities

Keti Bandar: town in Pakistan formed by Persian word "Bandar"

Shamal Bandar: town in Pakistan formed by Persian word "Bandar"

Islamabad: capital of Pakistan formed by Persian word "-abad" meaning "city of Islam"

Peshawar: city in Pakistan formed from Old Persian "PÃÂrÃÂshavÃÂr" meaning "forward city"

Multan: city in Pakistan formed from Old Persian "mulastÃÂna" meaning "frontier land"

Ziarat: town in Pakistan formed by Persian word "Ziarat" meaning "pilgrimage"

Hyderabad: city in Pakistan formed from Persian meaning "Lion city" referring to Ali

Muzaffarabad: city in Pakistan formed by Persian words meaning "city of the Victorious"

Bagh: town in Pakistan formed by the Persian word meaning "garden"

Mardan: city in Pakistan derived from Persian meaning "city of Men"

Khuzdar: town in Pakistan derived from Persian

Various cities and towns of South Asia ending in the Persian suffix -ÃÂbÃÂd ().

Europe

Caucasus

Danube River: Comes from the ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dÃÂnu, meaning "river" or "stream".

Dnieper: Sarmatian *danu apara "river to the rear"

Dniester: Sarmatian *danu nazdya "river to the front.

Don River (Russia)

Donetsk

Dnipro

Mount Elbrus: a metathesis of Alborz

Tiraspol: from an ancient name of the river, Tyras, derived from Scythian *tÃÂ«ra

Russia

Bashkortostan: Formed with the Persian suffix -istan.

Dagestan: Formed with the Persian suffix -istan.

Tatarstan: Formed with the Persian suffix -istan, literally meaning "Land of the Tartars" in Persian.

Mordovia: The name Mordva is thought to originate from an Iranian (Scythian) word, mard, meaning "man". The Mordvin word mirde denoting a husband or spouse is traced to the same origin . This word is also probably related to the final syllable of "Udmurt", and also in and perhaps even in .

Udmurtia: The name Udmurt comes from ('meadow people'), where the first part represents the Permic root or ('meadow, glade, turf, greenery'). This is supported by a document dated 1557, in which the Udmurts are referred to as ('meadow people'), alongside the traditional Russian name .

The second part means 'person' (cf. Komi , Mari ). It is probably an early borrowing from a Scythian language: or ('person, man'; Sanskrit: Manus or Manushya), which is thought to have been borrowed from the Indo-Aryan term ('man, mortal, one who is bound to die'. cf. Old Indic ('young warrior') and ('chariot warrior'), both connected specifically with horses and chariots. The Indo-Europeanists T. Gamkrelidze and V. Ivanov associate this word with horse-riding Altaic tribes in the .

Cities

Derbent: The name is a Persian word (ÃÂ¯ÃÂ±ÃÂ¨ÃÂÃÂ¯ Darband) meaning "barred gate", which came into use in the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th century AD, when the city was refounded by Kavadh I of the Sassanid dynasty of Persia.

Turan (town)

Samara: Named after the Samara River, which probably means "summer water" (signifying that it froze in winter) in the Indo-Iranian language which was spoken there around the third millennium BC. The Samara city gives its name to the Samara culture, a Neolithic culture of the fifth millennium BC, and the Kurgan hypothesis associates the region with the original homeland (urheimat) of the Proto-Indo-European language.

Bulgaria

Razgrad Province

Pazardzhik Province:Persian bÃÂzÃÂr, "market" + the Turkic diminutive suffix -cÃÂ±k, "small".

Varna: possible Iranian etymology: var ("camp", "fortress")

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sarajevo: from Persian sarÃÂy, "house, palace"

Romania

IaÃÂi: from the name of the Sarmatian tribe of Iazyges

Hungary

JÃÂ¡szsÃÂ¡g, JÃÂ¡szberÃÂ©ny: (after the Jasz people from Sarmatia)

Serbia

Novi Pazar: Persian (bÃÂzÃÂr) 'market'

North Macedonia

Saraj, Skopje: Persian (sarÃÂy) 'house'

Croatia

Croatia: The name is most probably from Proto-Ossetian / Alanian *xurvÃÂ¦t- or *xurvÃÂt-, in the meaning of "one who guards" ("guardian, protector").

Caucasus

Arran

Caucasus

Kura River: The name Kura is taken from the name Kurosh which is the Persian pronunciation of the name of the Persian king Cyrus the Great.

Armenia

The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun inscription as Armina, and introduced into Greek by Herodotus as "Armenians", who in his review of the troops opposing the Greeks wrote that "the Armenians were armed like the Phrygians, being Phrygian colonists.". Armenia as the name for the country of the Armenians is in use since Strabo. The ultimate origin of the exonym is also uncertain, but it may well be connected to an Assyrian toponym ' or ', first recorded by Naram-Sin in the 23rd century BC as the name of an Akkadian colony in the DiyarbakÃÂ±r region.

Artavaz

Cities and regions

Dvin: The word is of Persian origin, and means hill.

Hrazdan: The name Hrazdan is derived from the Middle-Persian name Frazdan. Farzdan is connected to the Zoroastrian mythology.

Sardarabad

Spitak

Zangezur

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan:

The Republic of Azerbaijan gets its name from the Iranian region known as Azerbaijan. The name Azerbaijan is thought to be derived from Atropates, the Satrap (governor) of Media in the Achaemenid empire, who ruled a region found in modern Iranian Azarbaijan called Atropatene. Atropates name is believed to be derived from the Old Persian roots meaning "protected by fire." The name is also mentioned in the Avestan Frawardin Yasht: ÃÂ¢terepÃÂ¢tahe ashaonÃÂ´ fravashÃÂ®m ÃÂ½azamaide which translates literally to: We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare-pata.

Cities and regions

Absheron Rayon

Astara and Astara (rayon): There are two main theories for the etymology of the city's name. One is that it is derived from the Persian or Talysh word ÃÂ¢ÃÂÃÂ³ÃÂªÃÂ ÃÂ±ÃÂ (Aste-ro or Aheste-ro), meaning "the place where the travel gets slower" (given the marshlands that surrounded the region before). https://web.archive.org/web/20061215000828/http://www.iau-astara.ac.ir/main%20menu.htm. The oldest theory comes from Vedic songs and writings which explains Astara as a place where the rays of lights shine from behind to light the pathways ahead.

BabÃÂk rayon: Named after the Iranian hero Babak Khorramdin

Baku: The name Baku is widely believed to be derived from the old Persian names of the city Bad-kube, meaning "city where the wind blows", or Baghkuh, meaning "Mount of God". Arabic sources refer the city as Baku, Bakukh, Bakuya, and Bakuye, all of which seem to come from the original Persian name. Other theories suggest that the name dates back to Zoroastrianism and comes from the word Baga meaning "the god" in Avestan and Sanskrit.

Barda: The name of the town derives from Old Armenian Partaw (), itself from Iranian *pari-tÃÂva- 'rampart', from *pari- 'around' and *tÃÂÃÂv- 'to throw; to heap up'.

Beylagan: The 5th century Armenian historian Moses of Chorene states that this name is from the Persian name Payda-gharan (ÃÂ¾ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ¯ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ§ÃÂ±ÃÂ§ÃÂ), that its meaning is not clear, but that "-an" in the last section means "place of" in Persian.

Bilasuvar: It has been said that the ancient name was Pileh-Swar that in Persian means "the elephant-riding person ", named after one of the Buyid dynasty amirs.

Ganja: The name comes from the New Persian ganj (ÃÂ¯ÃÂÃÂ¬: "treasure, treasury"), which itself is from the Middle Persian Ganjak of the same meaning.

Hadrut

Kalbajar

Karabakh: The word "Karabakh" originated from Turkic and Persian, literally meaning "black garden." The name first appears in Georgian and Persian sources in the 13th and 14th centuries. The term Nagorno-Karabakh is a derivative that refers to the mountainous part of Karabakh (the Russian word ÃÂ½ÃÂ°ÃÂ³ÃÂ¾ÃÂÃÂ½ÃÂÃÂ¹ Ã¢ÂÂ nagorny means "mountainous", "upland").

Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and Nakhchivan City: According to some, the name Nakhchivan derived from the Persian Nagsh-e-Jahan ("Image of the World"), a reference to the beauty of the area.

Nardaran: from the Persian Nar (Pomegranate)ÃÂÃÂ§ÃÂ± + Daran (trees) ÃÂ¯ÃÂ§ÃÂ±ÃÂ§ÃÂ "Place with Pomegranate trees".

Ordubad

Sadarak

Shaki and Shaki (rayon): According to the Azerbaijan Development Gateway, the name of the town goes back to the ethnonym of the Sakas, who reached the territory of modern-day Azerbaijan in the 7th century B.C. and populated it for several centuries. In the medieval sources, the name of the town is found in various forms such as Sheke, Sheki, Shaka, Shakki, Shakne, Shaken, Shakkan, Shekin.

Shirvan: Literally meaning "Land of the Lions" in Persian.

Shusha: Literally means "glass" and derives from New Persian ShÃÂ«sha ("glass, vessel, bottle, flask").

Siazan: The word Siyazan derives from the Tat words siya ("black") and zan ("woman").

Surakhani

Xirdalan

Zangilan

Zardab: Zardab is a Persian word (ÃÂ²ÃÂ±ÃÂ¯ÃÂ¢ÃÂ¨ Zardab) meaning "yellow water".

ZÃÂrgÃÂran

ZÃÂrnava

Geographic features

Absheron: The name AbÃÂeron is Persian and comes from the Persian word Abshuran (ÃÂ¢ÃÂ¨ÃÂ´ÃÂÃÂ±ÃÂ§ÃÂ) meaning "The place of the Salty Waters".

Georgia

Georgia: The word "Georgia" ultimately derives from the Persian word gurÃÂ/gurÃÂÃÂn ("wolf").

Cities

Gardabani

Gurjaani

Baghdati

Middle East

Persian Gulf: Derived from Persia.

Strait of Hormuz: There are two opinions about the etymology of this name. In popular belief the derivation is from the name of the Persian God Hormoz (a variant of Ahura Mazda). Compare the Pillars of Hercules at the entrance to the Mediterranean. Scholars, historians and linguists derive the name "Ormuz" from the local Persian word Hur-mogh meaning datepalm. In the local dialects of Hurmoz and Minab this strait is still called Hurmogh and has the aforementioned meaning.

Arvandrud: The Iranian name of the Shatt al-Arab, from the Persian , literally Arvand River.

Iran

Iran:

Cities

Abadan: An Iranian etymology of the name (from the Persian word "ab" (water) and the root "pÃÂ" (guard, watch) thus "coastguard station"), was suggested by B. Farahvashi. Supporting evidence is the name "Apphana" which Ptolemy applies to an island off the mouth of the Tigris. The Persian version of the name had begun to come into general use before it was adopted by official decree in 1935. The geographer Marcian also renders the name "Apphadana" in his writings.

Ahvaz: The word Ahvaz is a Persianized form of the local Arabic Ahwaz, which in turn itself is derived from a Persian word. The Dehkhoda Dictionary specifically defines the Arabic "Suq-al-Ahwaz" as "Market of the Khuzis", where "Suq" is Arabic for market, and "Ahwaz" is a plural () of the form "af'ÃÂl" () of the word "Huz", or more precisely, the Arabic root "ha wa za" (), which itself comes from the Persian Huz, from Achaemenid inscriptions from where the term first appears. Thus, "Ahwaz" in Arabic means "the Huz-i people", which refers to the non-Arabic original inhabitants of KhÃÂ«zestÃÂn.

Aligoodarz: The city of Aligoodarz was once called Al-e Goodarz meaning "sons or tribe of Goodarz", a mythical Iranian hero from the Persian national epic Shahnameh.

Amol: Many scholars believe that the city's name is rooted in the word Amard (Amui in Pahlavi).

Ardabil: The name Ardabil comes from the Zoroastrian name of "Artavil" (mentioned in Avesta) which means a holy place.

Ardakan: The word "Ardakan" in Persian means "holy place" or "clean place" (Modern Persian: ardak+an / Middle Persian: artak+an)

Astara: The city's name is derived from the Persian word (Aste-ro or Aheste-ro), meaning "the place where the travel gets slower" (given the marshlands that surrounded the region before). https://web.archive.org/web/20061215000828/http://www.iau-astara.ac.ir/main%20menu.htm.

Islands

Farsi Island: Arabized name derived from Parsi (Persian).

Greater and Lesser Tunbs: The name of the islands comes from Persian tunb 'hilly place'.

Hendurabi: Derived from the Persian word ÃÂ§ÃÂÃÂ¯ÃÂ±ÃÂ¢ÃÂ¨ÃÂ Andar-abi meaning "Inside the waters".

Hormuz Island: Name of Shah Hormuz

Shetor Island: Shetor or Shotor (Persian: ÃÂ´ÃÂªÃÂÃÂ±) in Persian means Camel.

Geographical features

Iraq

Iraq: Possibly derived from the Middle Persian word Erak, meaning "lowlands". The natives of the southwestern part of today's Iran called their land the "Persian Iraq" (Iraq Ajami) for many centuries. Before the constitution of the state of Iraq, the term "Arab Iraq" (Iraq Arabi) referred to the region around Baghdad and Basra.

Cities and regions

Anbar

Baghdad

Bahdinan

Barzan

Basra

Ctesiphon

Al Diwaniyah

Dohuk

Khanaqin

Salman Pak

Dubai: Some believe that the name of the city as Persian roots, possibly from the Persian words do (two) and baradar brother), referring to Diera and Bur Dubai.

Sharjah:

Yemen

Zinjibar

North America

Persia, Iowa, Persia, New York, and Persia, California: Persia derives from the ancient Greek name for Iran's maritime province, called Fars in the modern Persian language, Pars in Middle Persian and PÃÂrsa () in Old Persian. Persis is the Hellenized form of Pars, and through that came the Latinized word Persia.

References

Sources

List of geographic names of Iranian origin

Africa

Somalia

Tanzania

Tunisia

Central Asia

Afghanistan

Cities

Kazakhstan

Cities

Kyrgyzstan

Cities

Tajikistan

Cities and regions

Turkmenistan

Cities

Uzbekistan

Cities and regions

Geographical features

East Asia

Brunei

Indonesia

Malaysia

Southern Asia

Bangladesh

India

Pakistan

Cities

Europe

Russia

Cities

Bulgaria

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Romania

Hungary

Serbia

North Macedonia

Croatia

Caucasus

Armenia

Cities and regions

Azerbaijan

Cities and regions

Geographic features

Georgia

Cities

Middle East

Iran

Cities

Islands

Geographical features

Iraq

Cities and regions

Lebanon

Oman

Turkey

United Arab Emirates

Yemen

North America

See also

References

Sources