was a Japanese poet, historian, and Buddhist monk.
Jien was the son of Fujiwara no Tadamichi, a member of the Fujiwara clan of powerful aristocrats. His brother was the future regent Fujiwara no Kanezane. Jien became a Tendai monk early in his life, entering Shà Âren-in at age eleven. He first took the Buddhist name Dokaei, and later changed it to Jien.
In 1192, with the recommendation of Minamoto no Yoritomo and Jien's elder brother Fujiwara no Kanezane, at the age of 38, Jien became the Daisà Âjà  (大å§æ£), leader of the Tendai. However, his position was not stable as shown by the fact that he was appointed as Daisà Âjà  four times back and forth following his brother Kanezane's ups and downs in the political world. This is because as the leader of Tendai, in addition to holding rituals and maintaining Buddhist monasteries, he also served politically as the guardian of Kujà  Michiie, the grandson of his brother Kanezane. Jien put hopes on Michiie's son, Kujà  Yoritsune, to become the shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate.
Jien eventually began to study and write Japanese history, his purpose being to "enlighten people who find it hard to understand the vicissitudes of life". His masterpiece, completed around 1220, was humbly entitled Gukanshà Â, which translates as Jottings of a Fool. In it he tried to analyze the facts of Japanese history. The Gukanshà  held a mappo and therefore pessimistic view of his age, the Feudal Period, and claimed that it was a period of religious decline and saw the disintegration of civilization. This is the viewpoint generally held today. Jien claimed that changes in the feudal structure were necessary and defended the shà Âguns claim of power.
When Emperor Go-Toba attempted to overthrow the Shogunate, Jien, fearing that the Kujà  family would be affected, began to trace the history of Japan and wrote Gukanshà Â, a combination of History, Buddhist ideas and legends, to try to dissuade emperor Go-Toba from overthrow the Shogunate. In Gukanshà  he also try to associates his grandnewphew Kujà  Yoritsune with the bodhisattva and other legends which is able to gain legitimacy for Yoritsune and to reach the position of shogun:"The coming of such a Shogun is the plan of the Great Bodhisattva, a man(Kujà  Yoritsune) who can protect the world and defend the sovereign, with both literary and military prowess and dignity. This is a matter of great importance."ï¼ÂãÂÂãÂÂãÂÂå°Âè»Âã®ãÂÂãÂÂåºã§æÂ¥ãÂÂäºÂã¯大è©è©ã®御è¨ÂãÂÂã²ã«ã¦ãÂÂæÂÂæ¦堼ãÂÂã¦å¨Âå¢ãÂÂãÂÂã¦ä¸ÂãÂÂå®ÂãÂÂÃ¥ÂÂãÂÂå®ÂãÂÂã¹ãÂÂæÂÂç±Âã®人ï¼Â=éÂÂ家ã¨頼çµÂï¼ÂãÂÂã¾ãÂÂãÂÂã¦ãÂÂä¸Âã®çº人ã®çºåÂÂã®御çºã«åÂÂãÂÂãÂÂãÂÂãÂÂãÂÂãÂÂã°ãÂÂÃ¥ÂÂã®ãÂÂ御å¿Âå¾Â御座ï¼ÂãÂÂã¯ï¼ÂãÂÂã¾ãÂÂã‹«ãÂÂãÂÂãÂÂãÂÂãÂÂãÂÂãÂÂç±ã ãÂÂãÂÂ大äºÂã«ã¦ä¾ÂãÂÂï¼Â
Jien writes several times in Gukanshà  that he wants "to make Dà Âri known," which is an important motivation for Jien to write Gukanshà Â. Dà Âri(reason) is an early Chinese philosophical idea(éÂÂçÂÂ) that was later absorbed into Buddhism. Generally it means reason, principle or law, or what action one should take to be moral. Jien, on the other hand, historicizes Dà Âri, arguing that it has been present throughout the development and change of Japanese history. That is to say, historical events, both in their particularity and in their totality, are to be taken extremely seriously, not merely as isolated, individual events, but as part of an unfolding pattern of deeper meaning. An important element of this is embodied in the unbroken imperial lineage of Japan. however, when there is a choice, between two members of the imperial family, one evil and one virtuous, Jien affirms that even murder is permissible to prevent the throne from falling into the hands of an evil emperor. Overall, he wanted to help people, especially the Emperor, to come to understand Dori through Japanese history so that he could shape a desirable future and help the country go through mappo.
As a poet, he was named one of the Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry, and was the second-best represented poet in the Shin Kokin Wakashà «, over 91 of his poems are collected into it. He has a family Japanese poem collection called æ¾çÂÂé with over 5900 poems. He was included by Fujiwara no Teika in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu.
In The Unfettered Mind the Zen Buddhist Takuan Sà Âhà  cites the following poem from Jien, interpreting it in the context of No-Mind:
The flower that would surrender its fragrance
before my brushwood door
Does so regardless.
I, however, sit and stare
How rueful this world.