Hanumatodi

Hanumatodi, more popularly known as Todi (pronounced hanumatōdi and tōdi), is a rāgam (musical scale) in Carnatic music. It is the 8th melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. This is sung very often in concerts. It is a difficult rāgam to perform in owing to its complexity in prayoga (phrases of notes and intonation). It is called Janatodi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music. Its Western equivalent is the Phrygian mode. Todi in Carnatic music is different from Todi (thaat) of Hindustani music (North Indian classical music). The equivalent of the Hindustani raga Todi in Carnatic music is Shubhapantuvarali (which is the 45th melakarta). The equivalent of Carnatic Todi in Hindustani is Bhairavi thaat in terms of notes, but the two sound very different due to differing uses of gamakas.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 2nd rāgam in the 2nd chakra Netra. The mnemonic name is Netra-Sri. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gi ma pa dha ni. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music page for details on below notation and terms):

• ārohaṇa :
• avarohaṇa :

This scale uses the notes shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kaisiki nishadham. It is a sampoorna rāgam - rāgam having all 7 swarams. It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Bhavapriya, which is the 44th melakarta scale. A peculiarity of this raga is that it is sung in all lower notes. It is also classified as a "rakti" raga (a raga of high melodic content).

Janya rāgams

Hanumatodi has many janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Asaveri, Janatodi, Dhanyasi, Punnagavarali and Shuddha Seemanthini are popular. See List of janya rāgams for all of Todi's janyas.

Popular compositions

Most composers have composed songs in Todi. Thyagaraja alone has composed about 32 compositions in this raga with each composition starting at every single note of the three octaves. Thāye Yashoda, composed by Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi, is a very well known composition, in the Tamil language. This popular kriti is sung frequently in concerts. A popular varnam in the Todi rāgam is Erā Nāpai by Patnam Subramania Iyer, one of the famous composers of Carnatic music.

Other popular compositions are:

• Era Na Pai an Adi tala Varnam by Patnam Subramania Iyer
• Sami Ninne an Adi tala Varnam by Kothavasal Venkatarama Iyer
• Varnams Danike Tagu Janara, Dani Sati Poti Ledura and Mohalahiri Konden Swami by Shivanandam of the Tanjore Quartet
• Varnam Roopamu Joochi by Tiruvarur Ramaswami Pillai or Muthuswami Dikshitar or Ramaswami Dikshitar (Disputed)
• Varnam Kanakāngi in Ata tala and a Krithi Amba Naadu by Pallavi Gopal Iyer
• Sarigani Dani is a Swarasthana Padavarnam(Swaraksharam composition) by Ramaswami Dikshitar
• Daani Samajendra (based on Dani Sati Poti Ledura by Shivanandam of the Tanjore Quartet) and Saridisavasa (Varnams) by Swathi Thirunal
• Karuna Katakshi an Adi tala Varnam by Annaswami Shastri
• Varnam Meenākshi Needu by Gnanananda Teertha (Ogirala Veera Raghava Sarma)
• Varnam Na Samini by Nallan Chakravarthy Murthy
• Kadhanu Variki, Karuna Joodavamma, Dachukovalena, Thappi Brathiki, Brindavana Lola, Emani Mataditivo, Evaru Teliya Poyyeru, Enduku Dayaradhu, Koti Nadulu, Munnu Ravana, Varidhi Neeku, Proddupoyenu, Emi Jesithe, Dasarathi Nee Runamu, Ninnu Vina Sukhamu, Nee Daya Raavale, Hariyanu Vari, Re Manasa, Aragimpave, Raju Vedale, Rukalu Padi, Endu Daginado, Chesinadella, Ne Morabettite(Originally in Rupavati), Kanna Thalli Neevu(Originally in Saveri), Koluvamaregada, Nee Vanti Daivamu, Vedalenu Kodandapani and Gathi Neevani by Thyagaraja
• Sarasijanābha Murāre, Japatha Japatha, Deva Deva Mām Pālaya, Mandara Dhara, Pankajāksha Tava Sevam, Samodam Kalayami and Pankajākshanam Ramesan by Swathi Thirunal
• Shri Krishnam Bhaja Mānasa, Dākshāyani, Vedāranyeshvarāya Namaste, Rāmāchandrāya Namaste, Pālayamām Brihadeeshwari, Shri Subramanyomām Rakshathu, Mahāganapathim Vande and Kamalāmbike Āshritha Kalpalathike by Muthuswami Dikshitar
• Kangalidyātako by Sripadaraja
• Thāye Yashodā, Jatādhara, Anjanānandām Bōdhi Chandra, Uruhādha Manam and Venugāna Ramanā by Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi
• Enu Dhanyalo Lakumi, Banda Nodi Govinda, Ninna Nodi Dhanyanadeno by Purandara Dasa
• Sharadeye Karuna Varidhi by Vijaya Dasa
• Vazhi Maraithirukudhe by Gopalakrishna Bharati (also sung in Nattakurinji)
• Gajananam Ganapathim by Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar
• Gajanana Yanuchu by Chinnikrishna Dasar
• Gajavadana Sammoditha by Kumara Ettendra
• Kārthikeya Gangeya, Sadashiva Bhajaname, Thanigai Valar, Undu Kuladeiva Raman, Kunram Kudi Konda, Kadaikkan Nokki, Ellam Sivan Seyal and Thamatham Yen Swami by Papanasam Sivan
• Meenalochani Amba by Muthiah Bhagavatar
• Sri Venkatesham Varam and a Tillana by Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar
• Amba Nannu Brovave by Anai Ayya
• Paradevathe Nin Pada Bhajanam by Irayimman Thampi
• Alaya Vidudal and Gathi Neeye Endru by Ambujam Krishna
• Ananda Natesha by Ramaswami Sivan
• Sri Kamakshi Varadayaki by Spencer Venugopal
• Kāmākshi Sada by Gnanananda Teertha (Ogirala Veera Raghava Sarma)
• Anjaneyam Upasmahe by Bellary M. Sheshagiri Acharya
• Ninne Namminanu, Emani Migula and Karunanidhi Ilalo, three Krithis and Rave Himagiri Kumari, a Swarajati by Shyama Shastri
• Notru Suvargam, a Thiruppavai by Andal tuned by Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar
• Kali Theera by Koteeswara Iyer
• Sudha Nidhe Mamava Sadha and Mama Nini(Swaraksharam composition) by Balamurali Krishna
• Balimi Yela(Javali) by Pattabhiramayya
• Emi Balkeney(Javali) by Dhuddu Seetharama Sastry
• Mosa Jese(Javali) by Chinnaiah of the Tanjore Quartet, sung today in Sindhubhairavi
• Poosadharamu is a Padam by Govindaswamy Ayya
• Yaar Poi Solluvaar and Ella Arumaigalum are Padams by Ghanam Krishna Iyer. He has also composed Krithis like Anname Naalum Nirnayame, Anname Naan Enna Seiven, Maname ennaalum, Mannanaar Valai, Nee Illaamal Vereyundo, Pacchilande Marappadunda, Thirukkanmaaleeshvarar, Vaaraaro Vandhu and Chaitanya Vigrahame
• Kanyanivu Seyu/Ennitikani and Sudhinamayane are Padams by Kshetrayya
• Mane Mayile is a Padam by Subbarama Iyer
• Endu Pizha Gynan is a Padam by an unknown composer
• Sugreva Narasimha by Annamacharya
• Mama Kuleswaram by G. N. Balasubramaniam

Film Songs

<big>Language:Kannada</big>

Language:Tamil

Related rāgams

Todi's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 5 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Kalyani, Shankarabharanam, Natabhairavi, Kharaharapriya and Harikambhoji. For further details and an illustration of graha bhedam of this rāgam refer related rāgams section in Shankarabharanam page.

Notes

References