Hajji Muhammad (Turki/Kypchak and Persian: ÃÂçìààÃÂàï) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1419 to 1423. The evidence on his reign in this confused period of civil war is limited; moreover, his name invites confusion with several contemporaries in both the medieval sources and more modern treatments; the other Muḥammads include Ulugh Muḥammad, Muḥammad BarÃÂq, Kà «chuk Muḥammad son of Tokhtamysh, and Küchük Muḥammad son of Tëmà «r. In retrospect, ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad is significant as a precursor and ancestor of the khans of Sibir.
According to the TawÃÂrëḫ-i guzëdah-i nuá¹£rat-nÃÂmah and the Muÿizz al-ansÃÂb, ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad was son of ÿAlë, the son of Bëk-Qundë, the son of Ming-Tëmà «r, the son of BÃÂdÃÂqà «l, the son of Jà «jë-Bà «qÃÂ, the son of BahÃÂdur, the son of Shiban, the son of Jochi, the son of Chinggis Khan. He was thus the nephew of Khan Ḥasan Beg (1368âÂÂ1369), the great-nephew of the khans Khayr Pà «lÃÂd (1362âÂÂ1365) and êl Beg (1373âÂÂ1374), and the cousin of the khans QÃÂghÃÂn Beg (1375âÂÂ1377) and ÿArab ShÃÂh (1377âÂÂ1380). According to the Muÿizz al-ansÃÂb, ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad's mother was the sister of the Qongirat emir ManqlÃÂy Muḥammad KhwÃÂja.
When his protégé Darwësh Khan was defeated and killed by QÃÂdir Berdi in 1419, the beglerbeg Edigu fled first to the Crimea, where he raised as his new protégé the Tuqa-Timurid Beg á¹¢à «fë. Having suffered a further defeat at the hands of QÃÂdir Berdi, Edigu fled to the east and Sibir, where he proclaimed as khan the Shibanid ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad. Although he naturally had ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad's support, Edigu died of mortal wounds sustained in battle against the forces of QÃÂdir Berdi later the same year. He is said to have sworn his sons to uphold ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad as khan. As QÃÂdir Berdi himself perished in the struggle at this time, Edigu's sons, led by Maná¹£à «r, quickly succeeded in making ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad the monarch of the majority of the territory of the Golden Horde.
ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad's success, however, was tenuous and short-lived, especially where the western part of the Golden Horde was concerned, as he was soon faced with opposition by several rivals for the throne and their supporters. The first assertions of the claims of Ulugh Muḥammad, supported by the Shërën emir Tekne, are dated variously to 1419 or 1421 or even 1424, and there is much confusion among scholars as to which khan is designated in the historical sources. More certain rivals of ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad included the Tuqa-Timurids Beg á¹¢à «fë and his apparent successor KhudÃÂydÃÂd in the Crimea, GhiyÃÂth ad-Dën II son of ShÃÂdë Beg at Tana, and BarÃÂq son of Quyurchuq, supported by the Timurids in the East. ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad seems to have made headway against his rivals in the Crimea (if he is the Khan Muḥammad who issued a diploma there in April 1420), but he subsequently started to lose ground in the east, where BarÃÂq advanced with the support of the Timurid Ulugh Beg in 1421. ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad soon lost the support of his beglerbeg Maná¹£à «r, who deserted to his kinsman BarÃÂq, tipping the scales in the latter's favor. In the confused struggle, ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad was killed against BarÃÂq, perhaps as early as 1423; Maná¹£à «r betrayed BarÃÂq in turn, in favor of GhiyÃÂth ad-Dën II and possibly Ulugh Muḥammad, later returned to BarÃÂq, and was finally executed by him in 1427.
According to the TawÃÂrëḫ-i guzëdah-i nuá¹£rat-nÃÂmah, ḤÃÂjjë Muḥammad had three sons, two of whom claimed the throne in Sibir and one of whom was the ancestor of the later khans of Sibir.