JiÃÂÃÂn (; or Gitschin) is a town in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. It is located in the JiÃÂÃÂn Uplands on the Cidlina River.
JiÃÂÃÂn's history is connected with Albrecht von Wallenstein who had rebuilt the town, and many sights bear his name. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation. The town is connected with the fairy tale character Rumcajs and hosts a fairy tale-themed festival every year.
JiÃÂÃÂn consists of 12 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
The origin of the name JiÃÂÃÂn is unknown, but according to the most probable hypotheses, it was derived from the German name of Queen Judith of Habsburg Guta, or from DiÃÂÃÂn, derived from the Old Czech word dÃÂk (meaning 'wild boar', of which many lived here).
JiÃÂÃÂn is located about northwest of Hradec Králové and northeast of Prague. It lies in the heart of the JiÃÂÃÂn Uplands. The highest point is the hill ZebÃÂn at above sea level. The Cidlina River flows through the town. Several other small watercources also flow through the municipal territory, including the streams Valdický potok, Popovický potok, ÃÂlibický potok and Trnávka. There are five fishponds in the territory; the largest of them is à  ibeà Âák. Ponds KnÃÂà ¾e and à  ibeà Âák are located right in the urban area.
JiÃÂÃÂn is sometimes called "Gate to the Bohemian Paradise", however the territory of the Bohemian Paradise region begins beyond the borders of the JiÃÂÃÂn municipal territory. In the northern part there are two nature monuments, ZebÃÂn (comprising the hill's peak) and Libosad-obora (comprising the whole Libosad park).
The area of JiÃÂÃÂn has been inhabited for almost 8,000 years thanks to the convenient geographical and climatic conditions. The settlement in the area of today's town is first mentioned in 1143 in deed of foundation of the Strahov Monastery. The town of JiÃÂÃÂn was founded in the 13th century on the place of the village Staré MÃÂsto near the Velià ¡ Castle. It was moved northward to its present location shortly afterward, which was better protected by the Cidlina River. The first written mention of JiÃÂÃÂn comes from a document by Queen Judith of Habsburg, the wife of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, dated 1 August 1293. The town was built with a regular street layout around a rectangular square and was surrounded by wooden fortifications with reinforced bastions and a trench.
JiÃÂÃÂn was first the royal town, but in 1337 King John of Bohemia sold it to the Wartenberg family, who owned it until the middle of the 15th century. The Hussite Wars did not affect the town much. During the 15th century, JiÃÂÃÂn changed its lords several times until 1487, when it became a property of the House of TrÃÂka of LÃÂpa. With the succession of Vilém TrÃÂka in 1540, the town began to be rebuilt in stone. The fortifications were rebuilt as well, with three gates connecting the centre with peripheries: the western Praà ¾ská Gate, the northern HolÃÂnská Gate, and the eastern Valdice Gate (1568âÂÂ1578), which is the only one preserved today. After a large fire in 1572, most of the wooden houses were replaced by stone Renaissance buildings, often decorated with sgrafitti; the parish church was rebuilt as well. In 1587, Burjan TrÃÂka had built a small castle. In 1607, JiÃÂÃÂn was acquired by Zikmund Smià Âický. The Smià Âický family had built here a new larger castle, which replaced the castle of the TrÃÂka family.
The biggest expansion of the town started in 1621 during the Thirty Years' War, when the town became a property of the generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein, who made it the centre of his Duchy of Friedland and minted his own coins there. Several architects worked for him, notably Giovanni de Galliano Pieroni, Giovanni Battista Marini, Andrea Spezza, and Nicolo Sebregondi. He had the castle and the Church of St. James rebuilt completely in the North-Italian style and connected them via a roofed footbridge. The town was to be rebuilt completely into a modern town with separated representative and craftsman parts. The parish Church of St. Ignatius together with the college was given to the Jesuits in 1627. Wallenstein also had a summer house with a court of honor, farm buildings, and a game park built in the northern part of the town near Valdice, and a linden alley along the path leading to the summer house. After the early death of Wallenstein in 1634, the town lost much of its importance.
In 1710 the town became a property of the Trauttmansdorff family, which meant the arrival of the period of High Baroque, during which many constructions were completed. Many statues and sculptures in the town today come from this period. In 1784, JiÃÂÃÂn became the seat of a new region. During the first half of the 19th century, the town spread quickly, especially eastward.
The Battle of Gitschin was fought nearby during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
Until 1918, the town was part of Austria-Hungary, head of the Jicin â JiÃÂÃÂn District, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia.
In 2019, the village of Hubálov, originally part of Tuà Â, was joined to JiÃÂÃÂn. The transfer of the entire cadastral territory is unique in the modern history of the country.
JiÃÂÃÂn lies at the crossroad of two main road: the I/16 (the section from Mladá Boleslav to Trutnov) and the I/35 (the section from Liberec to Hradec Králové). The I/32 road splits from the I/16 and connects JiÃÂÃÂn with the D1 motorway.
JiÃÂÃÂn is located on the railway lines PragueâÂÂTurnov and Hradec KrálovéâÂÂTurnov.
JiÃÂÃÂn is connected with the popular fairy tale character, Robin Hood-like robber Rumcajs. The town hosts the annual festival called "JiÃÂÃÂn â The Town of Fairy Tale" established in 1990.
The historic centre is built around a rectangular square with a regular Gothic street layout, remnants of fortifications and arcade Renaissance and Baroque houses.
The historic core is formed by the square Valdà ¡tejnovo námÃÂstÃÂ, where is the Valdà ¡tejnský Castle. The castle houses the Regional Museum and Gallery, a library and a primary art school, among others. There is also a castle park. Next to the castle is the Church of Saint James the Great. The church, intended as a seat of a never-established bishopric, has never been completed, so it lacks a spire and a cupola.
North of the town is the Baroque summer house of Albrecht von Wallenstein called Valdà ¡tejnská Loggia. The original game park around it is nowadays a park called Libosad. The loggia is connected with the town by a -long alley of linden trees. The loggia, the park and the alley together with the town centre are parts of so-called Wallenstein's Baroque composed landscape (designed landscape axes connecting sacral buildings, landscape landmarks and the town) which was unfinished due to early death of von Wallenstein.
There are several Jewish sights in the town. The most notable is the former synagogue, which was first documented in 1773.
JiÃÂÃÂn is twinned with: