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Ellobiidae

Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a family of small air-breathing land, marine, and brackish snails; pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata. Ellobiidae is the only family in the superfamily Ellobioidea, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 16 and 20 (according to the values in this table).

They have a distinctive mode of locomotion arising due to a split sole. The front part of the sole adheres to the substrate and then the rear part of the sole is drawn up to the front part.

Taxonomy

Species are traditionally classified into five taxonomic groups, the Pythiidae, the Laemodontidae, the Melampodidae, the Ellobiidae and the Carychiidae. These taxa have been recognized either as families within Ellobioidea or as sub-families within the family Ellobiidae.

The family Ellobiidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):

The high degree of homoplasy in morphological characters and frequent low variability has led to the description of approximately 800 species names available in the literature, of which 250 are likely to be valid.

A molecular study by Dayrat at al. (2011) for the Ellobioidea suggests a monophyletic origin of the entire group.

Genera

Genera within the family Ellobiidae include:

subfamily Ellobiinae

  • † Auriculinella <small>Tausch, 1886</small>
  • Blauneria <small>Shuttleworth, 1854</small>
  • Ellobium <small>Röding, 1798</small>
  • † Eoellobium <small>Harzhauser, Pacaud & Landau, 2023</small>
  • Leucophytia <small>Winckworth, 1949</small>
  • † Palaeoellobium <small>Merle, Néraudeau & Tafforeau, 2025</small>

subfamily Carychiinae

  • † Carychiella <small>Strauch, 1977</small>
  • † Carychiopsina <small>Kadolsky, 2020</small>
  • † Carychiopsis <small>F. Sandberger, 1871</small>
  • Carychium <small>O. F. Müller, 1773</small>
  • Coilostele <small>W. H. Benson, 1864</small>
  • Iberozospeum <small>Jochum, Kneubühler, Prieto & Neubert, 2022</small>
  • Koreozospeum <small>Jochum & Prozorova, 2015</small>
  • † Ovicarychium <small>Kadolsky, 2020</small>
  • † Turricarychium <small>Kadolsky, 2020</small>
  • Zospeum <small>Bourguignat, 1856</small>
  • † Zuella <small>Kadolsky, 2020</small>

subfamily Melampinae

subfamily Pedipedinae

subfamily Pythiinae <small>Odhner, 1925</small>

† subfamily Zaptychiinae

  • † Zaptychius <small>Walcott, 1883</small> - type genus of the subfamily
Genera brought into synonymy:
  • Alexia <small>Leach in Gray, 1847</small>: synonym of Myosotella <small>Monterosato, 1906</small>
  • Apodosis <small>Pilsbry & McGinty, 1949</small> synonym of Leuconopsis <small>F. W. Hutton, 1883</small> (junior subjective synonym)
  • Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium <small>Röding, 1798</small>
  • Auriculodes <small>Strand, 1928</small>: synonym of Ellobium (Auriculodes) <small>Strand, 1928</small> represented as Ellobium <small>Röding, 1798</small>
  • Auriculus <small>Montfort, 1810</small> synonym of Ellobium <small>Röding, 1798</small> (unjustified emendation of Auricula)
  • Autonoe <small>Guppy, 1868</small> synonym of Ellobium (Auriculodes) <small>Strand, 1928</small> represented as Ellobium <small>Röding, 179</small>8 (junior homonym of Autonoe <small>Leach, 1852</small> [Bivalvia]; Autonoella <small>Wenz, 1947</small>, is a replacement name)
  • Cassidulus <small>Beck, 1838</small> synonym of Cassidula <small>A. Férussac, 1821</small> (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Cassidula <small>Férussac, 1821</small>, and also junior homonym of Cassidulus <small>Lamarck, 1801</small> [Echinodermata])
  • Cremnobates <small>Swainson, 1855</small>: synonym of Marinula <small>King & Broderip, 1832</small>
  • Cylindrotis <small>Möllendorff, 1895</small> synonym of Auriculastra <small>E. von Martens, 1880</small>
  • Detracia <small>Gray in Turton, 1840</small>: synonym of Melampus (Detracia) <small>Gray, 1840</small> represented as Melampus <small>Montfort, 1810</small>
  • Geovula <small>Swainson, 1840</small> synonym of Ellobium <small>Röding, 1798</small> (junior objective synonym)
  • Jaminia <small>T. Brown, 1827</small>: synonym of Myosotella <small>Monterosato, 1906</small>
  • Kochia <small>Pallary, 1900</small>: synonym of Myosotella <small>Monterosato, 1906</small>
  • Laimodonta <small>H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855</small>: synonym of Laemodonta <small>Philippi, 1846</small>
  • Leuconia <small>Gray, 1840</small>: synonym of Auriculinella <small>Tausch, 1886</small>
  • Leucopepla <small>Peile, 1926</small>: synonym of Auriculinella <small>Tausch, 1886</small>
  • Leucophytia <small>Winckworth, 1949</small>: synonym of Auriculinella <small>Tausch, 1886</small>
  • Maripythia <small>Iredale, 1936</small>: synonym of Marinula <small>P. P. King, 1832</small> (unavailable name: no description)
  • Melosidula <small>B. J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979</small>: synonym of Cassidula (Cassidula) <small>A. Férussac, 1821</small> represented as Cassidula <small>A. Férussac, 1821</small> (junior subjective synonym)
  • Monica <small>H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855</small>: synonym of Ovatella <small>Bivona-Bernardi, 1832</small>
  • Nealexia <small>Wenz, 1920</small>: synonym of Myosotella <small>Monterosato, 1906</small>
  • Phytia: synonym of Pythia <small>Röding, 1798</small>
  • Pira <small>H. & A. Adams, 1855</small>: synonym of Melampus <small>Montfort, 1810</small>
  • Plecotrema <small>H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854</small>: synonym of Laemodonta <small>Philippi, 1846</small>
  • Rangitotoa <small>Powell, 1933</small>: synonym of Microtralia <small>Dall, 1894</small>
  • Rhodostoma <small>Swainson, 1840</small>: synonym of Cassidula <small>A. Férussac, 1821</small> (junior subjective synonym)
  • Sidula <small>J. E. Gray, 1840</small>: synonym of Cassidula <small>A. Férussac, 1821</small> (junior subjective synonym)
  • Tifata <small>H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855</small>: synonym of Melampus (Detracia) <small>Gray, 1840</small> represented as Melampus <small>Montfort, 1810</small> (junior subjective synonym)
  • Volatela <small>Starobogatov, 1993</small>: synonym of Myosotella <small>Monterosato, 1906</small>
Taxonomic note:

Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia [H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)

Ecology

The taxon Ellobioidea comprises a group of morphologically and ecologically highly diverse snails, known to have successfully invaded the marine, brackish water and terrestrial habitats.

These are mostly snails that live in salt marshes and similar maritime habitats, and thus have a tolerance for saline conditions.

References

External links