ERB-26 is a synthetic estrogen and a selective agonist of the ERò. It is the active enantiomer of the racemic mixture ERB-79. Whereas ERB-79 shows 484-fold selectivity for the ERò over the ERñ, ERB-26 differs slightly in that it is even more selective, showing greater than 1,000-fold selectivity for transactivation of the ERò relative to the ERñ. Its EC<sub>50</sub> value for the ERò is 0.21 nM (4-fold weaker than estradiol) and for the ERñ is 260 nM (10,000-fold weaker than estradiol). It has no antagonistic activity at either receptor. ERB-26 is active in prevention of prostate cancer development in preclinical models. In contrast to ERB-26, the selective ERñ agonist ERA-45 induced prostate cancer development in preclinical models when it was given in combination with testosterone, whereas testosterone alone did not do so. These findings suggest opposing roles of the ERñ and ERò in the prostate gland. The chemical structure of ERB-26 does not appear to have been disclosed.