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Chang Ruo

Chang Ruo () was the fourth ruler of Predynastic Shang. His family name is Zi (). He is not attested in oracle bone inscriptions at all, only being mentioned in post-Shang texts, particularly Records of the Grand Historian.

Family

His great-grandfather was Xie, the founder of Predynastic Shang and a descendent of Emperor Ku and the Yellow Emperor. His grandfather was Zhao Ming. His father was Xiang Tu, who is recorded as being a chariot-maker. His son was Cao Yu, who would succeed him after his death.

References