my-server
← Wiki Redirected from Albuliformes

Bonefishes

Albulidae is a family of fish, commonly known as the bonefishes, that are popular as game fish in Florida, select locations in the South Pacific and the Bahamas (where two bonefish are featured on the 10-cent coin) and elsewhere. The family is small, with 11 species in 3 genera. Presently, the bonefishes are in their own order: Albuliformes . The families Halosauridae and Notacanthidae were previously classified in this order, but are now, according to FishBase, given their own order Notacanthiformes. The largest bonefish caught in the Western Hemisphere is a 16-pound, 3 ounce example caught off Islamorada, Florida, on March 19, 2007.

Description

Albula

The bonefishes' closest relatives are the tarpons and ladyfishes in the order Elopiformes. Bonefishes are unlike tarpons in that their mouths are under the snout rather than the end of it. Like tarpons and ladyfishes, bonefishes can breathe air via a modified swim bladder and are found in brackish waters. Bonefish larvae are leptocephalic.

The slender body of the bonefish is silver, with a blue to green tinted back. On the upper half of the body there are dark streaks with cross bands connecting to the lateral line. The body is rounded with a long, slightly downturned snout. The dorsal and caudal fins are black. Bonefish vary in adult length from 40–100 cm depending on species. The average size of a bonefish is from 3 to 5 pounds (1–2 kg) with the Florida record being 16 pounds 3 oz (7.34 kg).

The bonefishes are brackish or saltwater fish typically living in estuaries and travelling out to sea to spawn on a lunar cycle. They feed in the shallow sand and mud flats, on benthic organisms, such as worms, mollusks, shrimp and crabs. They use their conical-shaped snouts to root out their prey and can often be seen with their tails out of the water. Bonefishes possess crushing teeth in their palates.

Nemoossis and Pterothrissus

These genera are similar to Albula, except they can be found in deeper waters.

Taxonomy

  • Order Albuliformes <small>Greenwood et al. 1966 sensu Forey et al. 1996</small> [Albuloidea <small>Hay</small>; Albuloidei; Albulina <small>Günther 1868</small>]
  • Genus †Albulelops <small>Averjanov, Nesov & Udovichenko 1993</small>
  • Genus †Albulidarum [Otolith]
  • Genus †Albuloideorum [Otolith]
  • Genus †Brannerion <small>Jordan 1920</small>
  • Genus †Bullichthys <small>Mayrinck, Brito & Otero, 2010</small>
  • Genus †Cyclotomodon <small>Cope 1876</small>
  • Genus †Phosphonatator <small>Cavin et al. 2000</small>
  • Family †Phyllodontidae <small>Sauvage 1875 corrig. Jordan 1923</small> [Phyllodidae <small>Sauvage 1875</small>; Euphyllodontinae <small>Dartevelle & Casier 1943/1949</small>; Pseudophyllodontidae <small>Dartevelle & Casier 1943/1949</small>]
  • Genus †Ardiodus <small>White 1931</small>
  • Subfamily †Paralbulinae <small>Estes 1969</small>
  • Genus †Baugeichthys <small>Filleul 2000</small>
  • Genus †Casierius <small>Estes 1969</small>
  • Genus †Paralbula <small>Blake 1940</small>
  • Genus †Pseudoegertonia <small>Dartevelle & Casier 1949</small> [Eodiaphyodus <small>Arambourg 1952</small>]
  • Subfamily †Phyllodontinae <small>Dartevelle & Casier 1949</small>
  • Genus †Egertonia <small>Cocchi 1866</small>
  • Genus †Phyllodus <small>Agassiz 1839</small>
  • Family Albulidae <small>Bleeker 1849</small>
  • Subfamily Pterothrissinae <small>Gill 1893</small>
  • Genus †Chicolepis <small>Cockerell 1919</small>
  • Genus †Hajulia <small>Woodward 1942</small>
  • Genus †Istieus <small>Agassiz 1844</small> [Histieus <small>Agassiz 1846</small> ]
  • Genus †Pterothrissidarum <small>Nolf & Dockery 1990</small> [Otolith]
  • Genus †Thrissipteroides
  • Genus Nemoossis <small>Hidaka, Tsukamoto & Iwatsuki 2016</small>
  • Genus Pterothrissus <small>Hilgendorf 1877</small> [Bathythrissa <small>Günther 1877</small> ]
  • Subfamily Albulinae <small>Bleeker 1849</small> [Dixoninidi <small>Fowler 1958</small>; Butirinidi <small>Rafinesque 1810</small>]
  • Genus †Archaealbula <small>Winkler 1878</small>
  • Genus †Eoalbula <small>Frizzell 1965</small>
  • Genus †Cycloides <small>Winkler 1878</small>
  • Genus †Kleinpellia <small>David 1946</small>
  • Genus †Macabi <small>L-Recinos, Cantalice, Caballero-Viñas & Alvarado-Ortega, 2023</small>
  • Genus †Palealbula <small>Frizzell</small> <small>1965</small>
  • Genus †Prealbula <small>Frizzell</small> <small>1965</small>
  • Genus †Protalbula <small>Frizzell</small> <small>1965</small>
  • Genus †Pteralbula <small>Stinton 1973</small>
  • Genus †Lebonichthys <small>Forey 1973</small>
  • Genus †Deltaichthys <small>Fielitz & Bardack 1992</small>
  • Genus Albula <small>Gronow 1763 ex Scopoli 1777 non Osbeck 1765 non Bloch & Schneider 1801 non Catesby 1771</small> [Atopichthys <small>Garman 1899</small>; Butyrinus <small>Commerson ex Lacépède 1803</small>; Dixonina <small>Fowler 1911</small>; Albula (Dixonina) <small>(Fowler 1911)</small>; Esunculus <small>Kaup 1856</small>; Glossodonta <small>Cuvier 1815</small>; Glossodus <small>Agassiz 1828 ex Spix & Agassiz 1829 non Costa 1853 non McCoy 1848</small>; Metalbula <small>Frizzell</small> <small>1965</small>; Pisodus <small>Owen 1841</small>; Vulpis <small>Catesby 1771</small>; Conorynchus <small>Nozemann 1758 ex Gill 1861 non Bleeker 1863 non Motschousky 1860</small>]

See also

References