It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+5(V)+1(I) = 1646).
Events
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January–March
April–June
July–September
- July 7 – The populist political movement called the Levellers appears in England with the publication of the Levellers manifesto, A Remonstrance of Many Thousand Citizens by Richard Overton and William Walwyn.
- July 12 – Lightning strikes the gunpowder tower of the castle of Bredevoort in the Netherlands, causing an explosion that destroys parts of the castle and the town, killing Lord Haersolte of Bredevoort and his family, as well as others. Only one son, Anthonie, who is not home that day, survives.
- July 30 – Commissioners of the Parliament of England and Scottish Covenanters meeting in Newcastle upon Tyne set out the Heads of Proposals ("Newcastle Propositions") demanding that King Charles I gives up control of the army and place restrictions on Catholics, as the basis for a constitutional settlement.
- August 19
- The Westminster Assembly of Divines, meeting in London, approves a resolution to begin the drawing up of the Westminster Confession of Faith, declaring that "These heads of Faith, Repentance, and Good Works shall be referred to the three Committees in their order to prepare something upon them for the Confession of Faith."; the draft is printed and sent to the Parliament of England in December.
- First English Civil War: Raglan Castle in Wales surrenders to General Fairfax after a 2-month siege; it is later destroyed.
- September 16 – The new Orange College of Breda opens at Breda in the Dutch Republic.
October–December
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Births
January–March
April–June
- April 1 – Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum, German army commander (d. 1704)
- April 4 – Antoine Galland, French orientalist and archaeologist (d. 1715)
- April 6 – Henry Goring, English politician (d. 1685)
- April 12 – Pietro Dandini, Italian painter (d. 1712)
- April 15 – King Christian V of Denmark (d. 1699)
- April 16 – Jules Hardouin-Mansart, French Baroque architect (d. 1708)
- April 20
- Giacinto Calandrucci, Italian painter (d. 1707)
- Charles Plumier, French botanist (d. 1704)
- May 12 – George IV, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (1672âÂÂ1678) (d. 1678)
- May 29 – Isaac Johannes Lamotius, Dutch Governor of Mauritius (d. 1718)
- June 5 – Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Venetian philosopher of noble descent (d. 1684)
- June 6 – Hortense Mancini, favourite Italian niece of Cardinal Mazarin (d. 1699)
- June 21 – Maria Francisca of Savoy (d. 1683)
- June 30 – Paul Hermann, German botanist (d. 1695)
July–September
- July 1 – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, German philosopher, scientist, and mathematician (d. 1716)
- July 9 – Zeger Bernhard van Espen, Belgian jurist (d. 1728)
- July 15 – Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1675âÂÂ1691) (d. 1691)
- July 20
- François Vaillant de Gueslis, Jesuit missionary (d. 1718)
- Eusèbe Renaudot, French theologian and orientalist (d. 1720)
- July 24 – Madeleine Boullogne, French painter (d. 1710)
- July 29 – Johann Theile, German composer and organist (d. 1724)
- August 2
- Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and buccaneer (d. 1715)
- John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall, Scottish jurist (d. 1722)
- August 8
- Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (d. 1723)
- Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen (d. 1709)
- August 12 – Louise Elisabeth of Courland, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1690)
- August 16 – Juan Francisco de Padilla y San MartÃÂn, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Bishop of Puerto Rico (d. 1700)
- August 19 – John Flamsteed, British astronomer (d. 1719)
- August 24 – Roger Boyle, 2nd Earl of Orrery, Member of the Irish House of Commons (d. 1682)
- August 28 – Tsugaru Nobumasa, Japanese daimyÃ
 (d. 1710)
- September 16 – Juan Romero de Figueroa, Spanish priest (d. 1720)
October–December
- October 3 – Joseph Parrocel, French Baroque painter (d. 1704)
- October 7 РCharles Honor̩ d'Albert, duc de Luynes, French noble (d. 1712)
- October 10 РFran̤oise-Marguerite de S̩vign̩, French countess (d. 1705)
- November 8 – Cresheld Draper, English politician (d. 1694)
- November 9 – John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (d. 1701)
- November 27 – Edward Howard, 2nd Earl of Carlisle, English politician (d. 1692)
- December 4 – Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon, Marshal of France in the reign of Louis XIV and Louis XV (d. 1730)
- December 26
- Robert Bolling, wealthy early American settler, planter and merchant (d. 1709)
- ÃÂlisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans, French noble (d. 1696)
Deaths
- January 3 – Francesco Erizzo, Doge of Venice (b. 1566)
- January 4 – Gaspard III de Coligny, Marshal of France (b. 1584)
- January 6 – Elias Holl, German architect (b. 1573)
- January 18 – Hosokawa Tadaoki, Japanese daimyÃ
 (b. 1563)
- February 4 – Johannes Polyander, Dutch theologian (b. 1568)
- March 11 – StanisÃ
Âaw Koniecpolski, Polish soldier and statesman (b. c. 1592)
- April 10 – Santino Solari, Swiss architect and sculptor (b. 1576)
- May 13 – Maria Anna of Spain (b. 1606)
- June 14 РJean Armand de Maill̩-Br̩z̩, French admiral (b. 1619)
- June 23 – Jakub Sobieski, Polish noble (b. 1590)
- June 27 – Achille d'ÃÂtampes de Valençay, Knight of Malta (b. 1593)
- June 29
- Laughlin ÃÂ Cellaigh, Gaelic-Irish Lord
- Jan Reynst, Dutch art collector (b. 1601)
- June 30 – Philip Powell, Welsh martyr (b. 1594)
- July 13 – Roger de Saint-Lary de Termes, French noble (b. 1562)
- July 25 – Maria Caterina Farnese, Duchess of Modena and Reggio (b. 1615)
- August 9 – Margherita Aldobrandini, Parmesan regent (b. 1588)
- August 19 – Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian (b. c. 1583)
- September 1 – Francis Windebank, English statesman (b. 1582)
- September 9 – Mu Zeng, Chinese politician (b. 1587)
- September 11
- Antonio Marcello Barberini, Italian cardinal and the younger brother of Maffeo Barberini (b. 1569)
- Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (b. 1612)
- September 14 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (b. 1591)
- September 17 – Erycius Puteanus, Dutch humanist and philologist (b. 1574)
- September 24 – Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (b. c. 1565)
- October 3 – Virgilio Mazzocchi, Italian Baroque composer (b. 1597)
- October 4 – Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English statesman (b. 1586)
- October 9 – Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias (b. 1629)
- October 12 РFran̤ois de Bassompierre, Marshal of France (b. 1579)
- October 18 – Isaac Jogues, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1607)
- October 28 – William Dobson, English painter (b. 1610)
- November 4 – Louis Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (b. 1581)
- November 29 – Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (b. 1565)
- December 22 – Peter Mohyla, Moldavian Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (b. 1596)
- December 26 РHenri, Prince of Cond̩ (b. 1588)
- December 28 РFran̤ois Maynard, French poet (b. 1582)
- date unknown – Lady Ann Cunningham, Scottish noble and army leader (b. c. 1580)
References