Tunnel injection is a field electron emission effect; specifically a quantum process called FowlerâÂÂNordheim tunneling, whereby charge carriers are injected to an electric conductor through a thin layer of an electric insulator.
It is used to program NAND flash memory. The process used for erasing is called tunnel release. This injection is achieved by creating a large voltage difference between the gate and the body of the MOSFET. When V<sub>GB</sub> >> 0, electrons are injected into the floating gate. When V<sub>GB</sub> << 0, electrons are forced out of the floating gate.
An alternative to tunnel injection is the spin injection.