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Military academy

A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned.

Three types of academy exist: pre-collegiate-level institutions awarding academic qualifications, university-level institutions awarding bachelor's-degree-level qualifications, and those preparing officer cadets for commissioning into the armed services of the state.

A naval academy is either a type of military academy (in the broad sense of that term) or is distinguished from one (in the narrow sense). In U.S. usage, the Military, Merchant Marine, Naval, Coast Guard, and the Air Force Academy serve as military academies under the categorization of service academies in that country.

History

The first military academies were established in the 17th century to provide future officers for technically specialized corps, such as military engineers and artillery, with scientific training.

The Royal Military and Mathematics Academy of Brussels (La Academia Militar de Bruselas), also known as the Academia Militar del Ejército de los Países Bajos, was the first modern military academy in Europe, established in 1675 at the capital of the Habsburg Netherlands, Brussels, at the request of Carlos de Aragón de Gurrea, 9th Duke of Villahermosa, Governor and Captain General of the Spanish Netherlands, by its sole-director, Sebastián Fernández de Medrano, with the authority and royal order of Charles II of Spain. The Academy was founded to codify and enact Medrano's military scientific doctrine, successfully addressing the critical shortage of artillerymen and military engineers in the Spanish Tercio. It is recognized as the first formal project of general military training in Europe and served as the institutional forerunner to later Royal Military Academies in Barcelona, Ceuta, Oran, and the General Military Academy.

The Italian Military Academy was inaugurated in Turin on January 1, 1678, as the Savoy Royal Academy, making it one of the oldest military academies in existence after the Royal Military and Mathematics Academy in Brussels. The Royal Danish Naval Academy was set up in 1701. The Royal Military Academy, Woolwich was set up in 1741, after a false start in 1720 because of a lack of funds, as the earliest military academy in Britain. Its original purpose was to train cadets entering the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. In France, the École Royale du Génie at Mézières was founded in 1748, followed by a non-technical academy in 1751, the École Royale Militaire offering a general military education to the nobility. French military academies were widely copied in Prussia, Austria, Russia. The Norwegian Military Academy in Oslo, educates officers of the Norwegian Army. The academy was established in 1750, and is the oldest institution for higher education in Norway.

By the turn of the century, under the impetus of the Napoleonic Wars and the strain that the armies of Europe subsequently came under, military academies for the training of commissioned officers of the army were set up in most of the combatant nations. These military schools had two functions: to provide instruction for serving officers in the functions of the efficient staff-officer, and to school youngsters before they gained an officer's commission. The Kriegsakademie in Prussia was founded in 1801 and the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr was created by order of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802 as a replacement for the École Royale Militaire of the Ancien Régime (the institution that Napoleon himself had graduated from).

The Royal Military College, Sandhurst, in England was the brainchild of John Le Marchant in 1801, who established schools for the military instruction of officers at High Wycombe and Great Marlow, with a grant of £30,000 from Parliament. The two original departments were later combined and moved to Sandhurst.

In the United States, the United States Military Academy (USMA) in West Point, New York was founded on March 16, 1802, and is one of five service academies in the nation.

Types

Pre-collegiate institutions

A military school teaches children of various ages (elementary school, middle school or high school) in a military environment which includes training in military aspects, such as drill. Many military schools are also boarding schools, and others are simply magnet schools in a larger school system. Many are privately run institutions, though some are public and are run either by a public school system (such as the Chicago Public Schools) or by a state.

Adult institutions

A college-level military academy is an institute of higher learning of things military. It is part of a larger system of military education and training institutions. The primary educational goal at military academies is to provide a high quality education that includes significant coursework and training in the fields of military tactics and military strategy. The amount of non-military coursework varies by both the institution and the country, and the amount of practical military experience gained varies as well.

Military academies may or may not grant university degrees. In the US, graduates have a major field of study, earning a Bachelor's degree in that subject just as at other universities. However, in British academies, the graduate does not achieve a university degree, since the whole of the one-year course (undertaken mainly but not exclusively by university graduates) is dedicated to military training.

There are two types of military academies: national (government-run) and state/private-run.

  • Graduates from national academies are typically commissioned as officers in the country's military. The new officers usually have an obligation to serve for a certain number of years. In some countries (e.g. Britain) all military officers train at the appropriate academy, whereas in others (e.g. the United States) only a percentage do and the service academies are seen as institutions which supply service-specific officers within the forces (about 15 percent of US military officers).
  • State or private-run academy graduates have no requirement to join the military after graduation, although some schools have a high rate of graduate military service. Today, most of these schools have ventured away from their military roots and now enroll both military and civilian students. The only exception in the United States is the Virginia Military Institute which remains all-military.

Albania

Angola

Argentina

Argentine Army:

Argentine Navy:

Argentine Air Force:

Armenia

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Bangladesh

Belarus

Belgium

Bolivia

Brazil

Basic Education

(offers an education with military values for civilians students of primary and secondary school)Brazilian Army:

  • (SCMB) (Military High School of Brazil System)
  • (CMBel) (Military High School of Belém)
  • (CMBH) (Military High School of Belo Horizonte)
  • Colégio Militar de Brasília (CMB) (Military High School of Brasília)
  • (CMCG) (Military High School of Campo Grande)
  • (CMC) (Military High School of Curitiba)
  • (CMF) (Military High School of Fortaleza)
  • (CMJF) (Military High School of Juiz de Fora)
  • (CMM) (Military High School of Manaus)
  • (CMPA) (Military High School of Porto Alegre)
  • (CMR) (Military High School of Recife)
  • (CMRJ) (Military High School of Rio de Janeiro)
  • (CMS) (Military High School of Salvador)
  • (CMSM) (Military High School of Santa Maria)
  • Colégio Militar de São Paulo (CMSP) (Military High School of São Paulo)

Preparatory Schools

(prepares students for admission to one of the official training academies)Brazilian Army:

Brazil's Navy:

  • (CN) (Naval High School)

Brazilian Air Force:

  • (EPCAR) (Air Cadets Preparatory School)

Sailor and Marine Soldier Training

Brazil's Navy:

  • Centro de Instrução Almirante Milcíades Portela Alves (CIAMPA) (Admiral Milcíades Portela Alves Instruction Center)
  • Centro de Instrução e Adestramento de Brasília (CIAB) (Brasília Instruction and Training Center)
  • (EAM) (Apprentices-Sailors School)
  • (EAMCE) (Ceará Apprentices-Sailors School)
  • (EAMES) (Espirito Santo Apprentices-Sailors School)
  • (EAMPE) (Pernambuco Apprentices-Sailors School)
  • (EAMSC) (Santa Catarina Apprentices-Sailors School)

Sergeants Training

Brazilian Army:

  • (ESA) (Sergeant Weapons School)
  • (EsSLog) (Sergeant of Logistics School)
  • (CiAvEx) (Army Aviation Instruction Center)

Brazil's Navy:

  • Centro de Instrução Almirante Alexandrino (CIAA) (Admiral Alexandrino Instruction Center)
  • Centro de Instrução Almirante Sylvio de Camargo (CIASC) (Admiral Sylvio de Camargo Instruction Center)

Brazilian Air Force:

  • (EEAR) (Air Force Specialists School)

Officers Training

Brazilian Army:

Brazil's navy:

Brazilian Air Force:

  • (AFA) (Air Force Academy)
  • Centro de Instrução e Adaptação da Aeronáutica (CIAAR) (Air Force Instruction and Adaptation Center)
  • Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA) (Aeronautics Institute of Technology)

Bulgaria

Canada

Two post-secondary military academies are operated under the Canadian Military Colleges system, the Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) in Kingston, Ontario; and Royal Military College Saint-Jean (RMC Saint-Jean) in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec. RMCC was established in 1876, while RMC Saint-Jean was established in 1954. The two institutions provided military education to officer cadets of all three elements in the Canadian Forces; the navy, army and air force; with RMC granted the authority to confer academic degrees in arts, science and engineering by the 1960s. From 1940 to 1995, the Department of National Defence operated a third military college in Victoria, British Columbia, known as Royal Roads Military College (RRMC).

Graduates of the colleges are widely acknowledged to have had a disproportionate impact in the Canadian services and society, thanks to the solid foundations provided by their military education. Military discipline and training, as well as a focus on physical fitness and fluency in both of Canada's two official languages, English and French, provided cadets with ample challenges and a very fulfilling experience. In 1995 the Department of National Defence was forced to close RRMC and RMC Saint-Jean due to budget considerations, but RMCC continues to operate. (In the fall of 1995, the campus reopened as a civilian institution, Royal Roads University.) In 2007, the Department of National Defence reopened RMC Saint-Jean as a military academy that offers equivalent schooling as CEGEP, a level of post-secondary education in Quebec's education system. In 2021 RMC Saint-Jean was returned to university status and had officer cadets graduate and received their commission for the first time since 1995.

In addition to Canadian Military Colleges, the Canadian Armed Forces also operate a number of training centres and schools, including the Canadian Forces College, and the Canadian Forces Language School. The components of the Canadian Armed Forces also maintain training centres and schools. The Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre (CADTC) is a formation in the Army that delivers combat, and doctrinal training. The CADTC includes several training establishments, such as the Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre, Combat Training Centre, Command and Staff College, and the Peace Support Training Centre. The 2 Canadian Air Division is the formation responsible for training in the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), and includes establishments like the Royal Canadian Air Force Academy, 2 Canadian Forces Flying Training School, and 3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School. The RCAF also maintains the Canadian Forces School of Survival and Aeromedical Training.

In addition to publicly operated institutions, Canada is also home to one private military boarding school, Robert Land Academy, in West Lincoln, Ontario. Founded in 1978, it is an all-boys' institute that is fully accredited by Ontario's Ministry of Education. The school offers elementary and secondary levels of education, providing schooling for students from Grade 6 to Grade 12.

Colombia

National Army of Colombia:

Colombian Air Force:

Colombian Naval Infantry and Colombian Navy:

National Police of Colombia:

Czech Republic

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Denmark

Egypt

El Salvador

Estonia

Finland

France

High schools

Officer academies

Postgraduate academies

  • École d'état-major (Staff school): first step of higher military studies, for officer of OF-2 rank.
  • École de Guerre (War School): second step of higher military studies, mainly for ranks OF-2 and OF-3 who want to continue the command track (e.g. to command battalion or regiment).
  • Collège d'enseignement supérieur de l'armée de terre (Army Higher Education College): second step of military education, but for officers whishing to achieve a high-level specialization.
  • Cours supérieur d'état-major (Advanced Staff Course)
  • Enseignement militaire supérieur scientifique et technique (Higher Technical and Scientific Education).
  • Centre des hautes études militaire (Center for Advanced Military Studies): final step of military education, for very few selected OF-5. Its students also attend the civilian institut des hautes études de défense nationale.

Georgia

  • National Defense Academy
  • Cadet Bachelor School
  • Junior Officer Basic School
  • Aviation Air Defense Officer Basic School
  • Medical Officer School
  • Captain Career School
  • Command and General Staff School
  • School of Advance Defense Studies
  • Language Training School

Germany

The standard education in military leadership is the task of the Offizierschulen (officers' schools) run by the three branches. The contents differ from branch to branch. According to the doctrine "leading by task", in the army all prospective platoon leaders are trained down to the level of a commander of a mixed combat battalion. There they also have to pass an officer exam to become commissioned later on.

Moreover, there exist so called Waffenschulen (schools of weapons) like infantry school or artillery school. There the officers learn to deal with the typical tasks of their respective corps.

A specialty of the German concept of officer formation is the academic education. Germany runs two Universities of the German Federal Armed Forces where almost every future officer has to pass non-military studies and achieve a bachelor's or master's degree. During their studies (after at least three years of service) the candidates become commissioned Leutnant (second lieutenant).

The three officer's schools are:

Academic and staff education:

Greece

The Hellenic Armed Forces have military academies supervised by each branch of the Armed Forces individually:

Highest Military Academies (ΑΣΣ) or Higher Military Educational Institutions (ΑΣΕΙ):

Higher Military NCO Academies (ΑΣΣΥ):

  • The Hellenic Army supervises the Military Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥ).
  • The Hellenic Air Force supervises the Air Force Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥΑ).
  • The Hellenic Navy supervises the Naval Non-commissioned Officers' Academy (ΣΜΥΝ).

Despite their names (), their alumni can advance to the rank of Antisyntagmatarchis/Antipterachos/Antiploiarchos.

Hungary

India

Indonesia

The Indonesian Military Academy was founded in Yogyakarta, October 13, 1945, by the order of General Staff Chief of Indonesia Army Lieutenant General Urip Sumohardjo as the Militaire Academie (MA) Yogyakarta.

Currently, the Tentara Nasional Indonesia or the TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces), under the supervision of the Commanding General of the Indonesian National Armed Forces Academy System (a two or three-star officer in billet) in the HQ of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, has divided the academies into the three respective services:

Each service academy is headed by a two-star general who serves as superintendent, and his/her deputy is a one-star officer. All the students (cadets/midshipman) are recruited from senior high school graduates from all over Indonesia. Shortly after graduation, they are commissioned as Letnan Dua (Second Lieutenant/Ensign) in their respective service branches and receive a bachelor's degree comparable to those awarded by civil academies or universities. The length term is now 4 years and is divided into five grades of cadets' ranks, starting from the lowest:

  • Prajurit Taruna (Cadet Private), 1st year (4 months)
  • Kopral Taruna (Cadet Corporal), 1st year (8 months)
  • Sersan Taruna (Cadet Sergeant), 2nd year
  • Sersan Mayor Dua Taruna (Cadet Second Sergeant Major), 3rd year
  • Sersan Mayor Satu Taruna (Cadet First Sergeant Major), 4th year

Taruna is also a nickname to cadets in the Military, Naval, and Air Force Academies, however other nicknames such as Kadet refers to cadets in the Naval Academy, while Karbol refers to cadets in the Air Force Academy. The term "Taruna" however still applies to all cadets from the three academies.

Until 1999, before the Indonesian National Police officially separated from the armed forces, the Indonesian Police Academy ("AKPOL") also stood under the National Armed Forces Academy but now has separated from the Military and is under the auspices of the President of Indonesia controlled by the National Police Headquarters (Mabes Polri), where in the other hand the Armed Forces (Army, Naval, and Air Force) Academies of Indonesia is under the auspices of the Ministry of Defense controlled by the Armed Forces General Headquarters (Mabes TNI). Presently, the Police Academy is in Semarang (Central Java), and is supervised under the supervision of the Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri).

All three academies and the Police Academy have a joint 4th class cadet training program since 2008, after completing it the cadets go to their respective academies to continue with the three remaining years of study before commissioning.

Iran

Iran has five main military universities:

Israel

Italy

High school level institutions (only for classical and scientific liceum, starting from grade 10):

2009–2010 school year was the first school year with girls attending.

Non Commissioned Officer (NCO) schools:

  • Army: Scuola sottufficiali dell'Esercito Italiano, Viterbo
  • Navy: Scuola sottufficiali della Marina Militare, Taranto and Law Maddalena
  • Air Force: Scuola marescialli dell'Aeronautica Militare, Viterbo
  • Carabinieri: Scuola marescialli e brigadieri dei carabinieri, Firenze
  • Guardia di Finanza: Scuola ispettori e sovrintendenti della Guardia di Finanza, L'Aquila

University level institutions:

Japan

Universities

Officer Candidate Schools

Officer Colleges

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Latvia

Malaysia

Secondary level institutions:

University level:

  • National Defence University of Malaysia (University Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia) (foundation, bachelor's degree, master's degree, PhD and specialist courses)
  • Armed Forces Defence College (Maktab Pertahanan Angkatan Tentera)

Specialist training and staff institutions:

  • Officers Cadet School in Port Dickson (OCS)
  • Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College (Maktab Turus Angkatan Tentera)
  • Armed Forces Health Training Institute (Institut Latihan Kesihatan Angkatan Tentera)
  • Malaysian Peacekeeping Training Centre (Pusat Latihan Pengaman Malaysia)

Reserve Officer Training Units ( or ) or ROTU exists only in public universities in Malaysia. This is a tertiary institution based officer commissioning program to equip students as officer cadets with military knowledge and understanding for service as commissioned officers in the reserve components of the various branches of the Malaysian Armed Forces.

Mexico

Moldova

Mongolia

Myanmar

Namibia

Nepal

Netherlands

New Zealand

Tier One Ã¢Â€Â“ initial officer training

Tier Two Ã¢Â€Â“ junior officer education

Tier Three Ã¢Â€Â“ senior officer education

Nigeria

High school training

Undergraduate officer training

Postgraduate officer training

Norway

Undergraduate officer training

Postgraduate training

Pakistan

Paraguay

People's Republic of China

Peru

Undergraduate officer training

Philippines

The Philippines patterned all its service academies after the United States Military Academy (West Point) and the United States Merchant Marine Academy (King's Point).

These higher education institutions are operated by the Philippine Government and grant different baccalaureate degrees.

  • Philippine Military Academy (Akademiyang Militar ng Pilipinas), City of Baguio – It is the primary training school of the Armed Forces of the Philippines for would be regular commissioned officers of the Philippine Army, Philippine Navy, Philippine Marine Corps and the Philippine Air Force. It is under the control of the Department of National Defense. Its former name was the Philippine Constabulary Academy. During the American colonial rule era, U.S. Army cavalry officers established the school for the professionalization of the enlisted personnel of the defunct Philippine Constabulary. It was renamed the Philippine Military Academy before the 1930s. In 1992, PMA stopped providing graduates to the Philippine Constabulary after the passage of Republic Act 6975 which resulted in the merger of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police. The merged institutions was named the Philippine National Police. Beginning in 1993, PMA became a co-educational school.
  • Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, Zambales – It is a school for students who shall serve in different private shipping companies, foreign or local. Its graduates may serve in the Philippine Coast Guard and the Philippine Navy as an ensign after graduation depending upon their choice. All PMMA graduates are also automatically appointed by the president of the Philippines as ensigns (2nd lieutenants) in the Philippine Navy Reserve. This is the oldest of the Philippine service academies having been established in 1820 during the long period of Spanish colonial rule in the country, and was first situated in Manila for many years.

Aside from the PMA and the PMMA, all three branches of the AFP have their own Officer Candidate Course Programs for both men and women, patterned after their US counterparts.

The nation's higher military colleges are:

Poland

Portugal

Pre-university level institution

Undergraduate officer training

Postgraduate and staff training

  • Instituto Universitário Militar, Lisbon Ã¢Â€Â“ joint command and staff college

Republic of China (Taiwan)

Republic of Ireland

Republic of Korea

The three main military academies:

Other military academies:

Romania

Russia

See also: Cadet Corps (Russia), Military academies in Russia

First stage of training

  • The Cadet Corps is an admissions-based military middle school for young boys that was founded in the Russian Empire in 1732, soon becoming widespread throughout the country.
*Omsk Cadet Corps
*Karelia Cadet Corps
*Krasnoyarsk Cadet Corps
*Magnitogorsk Cadet Corps
*Georgy Zhukov Moscow Cadet Corps
* Moscow Cossacks Cadet Corps
* Moscow Cadet Corps of Military Music
* Moscow Cadet Corps of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
* Moscow Diplomatic Cadet Corps
* Moscow Cadet Corps "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad"
*St.Petersburg Space Forces Cadet Corps
*St.Petersburg Strategic Rocket Forces Cadet Corps
*St.Petersburg Artillery Cadet Corps
*The 1st St. Petersburg Border guard Cadet Corps of the FSB
*Tambov Cadet Corps
*Toliatti Cadet Corps
*Ufa Cadet Corps
* Kronstadt S.C.C.
* Moscow Representative Sea Cadet Corps of the Navigation and Mathematics School
* Moscow Sea Cadet Corps Heroes of Sevastopol

Secondary education

  • Suvorov Military Schools are a type of boarding school in modern Russia for boys aged 14–18. Education in such these schools focuses on military related subjects.
* Irkutsk S.M.S.
* Kazan S.M.S.
* Moscow S.M.S.
* Moscow Military Music College
* North Caucasus S.M.S.
* Orenburg S.M.S.
* Perm S.M.S.
* St. Petersburg Space Forces S.M.S.
* Tula S.M.S. (reopening 2016 after 56 years of closure)
* Tver S.M.S.
* Ulyanovsk S.M.S.
* Ussuriysk S.M.S.
* Yekaterinburg S.M.S.
* St. Petersburg N.N.S.
* Murmansk N.N.S.
* Kaliningrad N.N.S
* Sevastopol N.N.S.
* Vladivostok N.N.S.

Post-secondary education

Staff college

Serbia

Singapore

Slovakia

Somalia

  • Camp TURKSOM trains both officers and NCOs, offers a two-year course for officers and a one-year course for NCOs.

South Africa

Spain

Sri Lanka

University

Officer training

Staff training

Sweden

Undergraduate officer training

Postgraduate training

Tanzania

Thailand

Turkey

Turkmenistan

Uganda

Uganda maintains the followings military training institutions, as of December 2010:

Ukraine

Staff colleges

Service academies

Military service academies operated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

Other military service academies

Reserve Officers' Training Corps (Military educational units of higher education institutions of Ukraine)

A number of public and military universities have specialized military institutes, military colleges, faculties, departments of military training, divisions of military training, departments of disaster medicine and military medicine. The purpose of such institutions is the military training of students and cadets under the reserve officer training program, and some of them conduct training, retraining and advanced training of military specialists of the appropriate levels of higher education (bachelor or master) for military service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, others formed in accordance with the laws Ukrainian military formations (Defence Forces of Ukraine), as well as law enforcement agencies for special purposes (Security Forces of Ukraine) and the State Transport Special Service of Ukraine.

Military colleges of non-commissioned officers (Military Sergeant Colleges of Ukraine)

  • NCO School of the Hetman Petro Sahaydachnyi National Ground Force Academy, Lviv
  • NCO School of the Ivan Kozhedub National Air Force University, Kharkiv'
  • Department of Military Training of the Professional College of Maritime Transport of the National University "Odesa Maritime Academy", Odesa
  • Department of Training of Medical Assistants for the Armed Forces of Ukraine of the D. K. Zabolotny Vinnytsia Medical College, Vinnytsia
  • NCO School of the Kamyanets-Podilsky Ivan Ohienko National University, Kamyanets-Podilsky
  • NCO College of the Military Institute of Telecommunication and Information Technologies named after the Heroes of Kruty, Kyiv
  • NCO College of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv'

Military High Schools (Military Lyceum)

Cadets corp (Lyceum with enhanced military and physical training)

A number of public state and regional lyceum (high school) with enhanced military and physical training (boarding schools) such of cadet corps in other countries.

United Kingdom

Pre-University level institution

  • Duke of York's Royal Military School – Military based secondary school in Dover, Kent; students are influenced to join the forces after education, but have no commitment to do so.

There are also numerous Cadet forces that operate for all branches of the armed forces for children aged 10–20. These are not designed to recruit people into the armed forces but rather are simply Ministry of Defence sponsored youth organisations.

Officer training

There are now four military academies in the United Kingdom. Although the curriculum varies for each service, it is a combination of military and academic study designed to turn young civilians into comprehensively trained military officers.

Officer Training for the Reserve Forces (Army Reserve, Royal Naval Reserve, RAF Reserves and Royal Marines Reserves) also takes place at the relevant military academies, but under a different curriculum and the courses tend to be concentrated into a much shorter period – a significant amount of the study will be undertaken at the officer cadet's reserve unit.

Postgraduate and staff training

*Royal College of Defence Studies (mainly for officers of Colonel/Brigadier or equivalent rank selected as future senior leaders; highly selective)
*Joint Services Command and Staff College (courses for officers from Major to Brigadier or equivalent rank)
*Defence College of Management and Technology
*Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre
*Advanced Research and Assessment Group
*Conflict Studies Research Centre

United States

Introduction

In the United States, the term "military academy" does not necessarily mean a government-owned institution run by the armed forces to train its own officers. It may also mean a middle school, high school, or college, whether public or private, which instructs its students in military-style education, discipline and tradition. Students at such civilian institutions can earn a commission in the U.S. military through the successful completion of a Reserve Officer Training Corps program along with their college or university's academic coursework.

Most state-level military academies maintain both a civilian student body and a traditional corps of cadets. The only exception is the Virginia Military Institute, which remains all-military.

Federal service academies

The colleges operated by the U.S. Federal Government, referred to as federal service academies, are:

Post-graduate school

Senior and junior military colleges

There is one all-military state-sponsored military academy:

In addition, these five institutions that were military colleges at the time of their founding now maintain both a corps of cadets and a civilian student body. Many of these institutions also offer on-line degree programs:

Along with VMI, these institutions are known as the senior military colleges of the US.

Today four institutions are considered military junior colleges (MJC). These four military schools participate in the Army's two-year Early Commissioning Program, an Army ROTC program where qualified students can earn a commission as a Second Lieutenant after only two years of college. The four military Junior colleges are as follows:

Merchant Marine Academies that have military academy-style operations

There are six state-operated Merchant Marine academies:

These merchant marine academies operate on a military college system. Part of the training that the cadets receive is naval and military in nature. Cadets may apply for Naval Reserve commissions upon obtaining their Merchant Marine Officer's licenses. Most if not all also offer some form of military commissioning program into the active duty US Navy, US Marine Corps, or US Coast Guard.

Staff colleges

The United States staff colleges, mandated to serve the needs of officers for post-graduate studies and other such graduate institutions as mandated by the Department of Defense are:

United States Air Force Air University attached staff colleges

Staff colleges of the United States Army

Staff colleges of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps

Joint Service staff colleges

Other post-graduate colleges operated by the DoD

Uruguay

Undegraduate officer training academies

Postgraduate training

Uzbekistan

Vietnam

Zimbabwe

  • Zimbabwe National Defence University

See also

Further reading

  • Cadet, Linton Hall, Linton Hall Military School Memories: One cadet's memoir, Scrounge Press, 2014. Memoir of cadet who attended a military school for boys ages 6 to 16.

External links

References