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List of rune-row inscriptions

The following is a list of rune-row inscriptions. These are runic inscriptions containing a sequence of runes in order. Based on the first six runes typically in the sequence, a rune-row may also be variously known as a fuþark (elder and younger fuþark), fuþorc (Anglo-Frisian) or fuþork (medieval).

Some inscriptions listed are complete, whereas others contains only short sections like fuþ, or are fragments of a larger sequences. Despite often being portrayed in a standardised manner, the orders and shapes of the runes in these sequences vary considerably.

Elder fuþark

English fuþorc

Younger fuþark

Medieval fuþork

At least 70 partial or complete medieval rune-rows are known from the Bryggen inscriptions. These include:

Other examples include:

Function

Rune-rows may have been tools for teaching and learning writing. This likely is the case with the Kylver stone, which has no commemorative function. Similarly, the Hole runestone has scribbled markings throughout the stone that may reflect use as a writing tablet. It has been suggested that it originates from an early period in which writing in runes was an emergent skill that carvers were learning to master. The sequences may also have been intended to have a magical or protective function, particularly in the case of bracteates, where they would have been worn and often have texts that suggest an illiterate maker copying designs.

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

Databases

Secondary