1-Phenylpiperazine (1-PP or PP) is a simple chemical compound and drug featuring a phenyl group bound to a piperazine ring. The suffix âÂÂ-piprazoleâ is sometimes used in the names of drugs to indicate they belong to this class.
It is a rigid analogue of amphetamine. Similarly to amphetamine, 1-PP is a monoamine releasing agent, with values for monoamine release of 186nM for norepinephrine, 880nM for serotonin, and 2,530nM for dopamine. Based on the preceding values, it is about 4.7-fold less potent in releasing serotonin than norepinephrine and about 13.6-fold less potent in releasing dopamine than norepinephrine. Hence, 1-PP is a modestly selective norepinephrine releasing agent (NRA), or could alternatively be thought of as an imbalanced serotoninâÂÂnorepinephrine releasing agent (SNRA) or serotoninâÂÂnorepinephrineâÂÂdopamine releasing agent (SNDRA).
Other homologues and rigid analogues of amphetamine besides 1-PP include 2-aminotetralin (2-AT), 2-amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (2-ADN), 2-aminoindane (2-AI), 1-naphthylaminopropane (1-NAP), 2-naphthylaminopropane (2-NAP), , and .
1-Phenylpiperazine shows toxicity at sufficiently high doses; its oral LD<sub>50</sub> in rats is 210mg/kg.
Numerous derivatives of 1-PP, or substituted phenylpiperazines, exist. Some examples include meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), 3-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), and para-methoxyphenylpiperazine (pMeOPP).