Osteoglossomorpha

Osteoglossomorpha is a superorder of bony fish in the Teleostei.

Notable members

A notable member is the arapaima (Arapaima gigas), the largest freshwater fish in South America and one of the largest bony fishes alive. Other notable members include the bizarre freshwater elephantfishes of family Mormyridae.

Systematics

Most osteoglossomorph lineages are extinct today. Only the somewhat diverse "bone-tongues" (Osteoglossiformes) and two species of mooneyes (Hiodontiformes) remain.

The ichthyodectiform fishes from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods were once classified as osteoglossomorphs, but are now generally recognized as stem teleosts. <div float="left">

Basal and incertae sedis (Extinct)

• Genus †Coriops <small>Estes, 1969</small> (possible hiodontid affinities)
• Genus †Harenaichthys <small>Kim et al., 2022</small>
• Genus †Paralycoptera <small>Chang & Chou, 1977</small>
• Genus †Jinanichthys <small>Ma & Sun 1988</small> [Liaoxiichthys <small>Su 1992</small>]
• Genus †Joffrichthys <small>Li & Wilson 1996</small> (possibly an osteoglossid)
• Genus ?†Kokuraichthys <small>Yabumoto 2013</small>
• Genus ?†Nierrkunia <small>Su 1992</small>
• Genus ?†Shuleichthys <small>Murray, You & Peng 2010</small>
• Genus ?†Suziichthys <small>Su 1992</small>
• Genus ?†Wilsonichthys <small>Murray, Newbrey, Neumand & Brinkmand 2016</small>
• Family †Jiaohichthyidae <small>Ma 1983</small>
• Genus †Jiaohichthys <small>Ma 1983</small>
• Family †Kuyangichthidae <small>Liu, Ma & Liu, 1982</small>
• Genus †Kuyangichthys <small>Liu, Ma & Liu 1982</small>
• Genus †Pulinia <small>Ma 1983</small>

Order †Lycopteriformes <small>Chang & Chou 1977</small>

• Family †Juiquanichthyidae <small>Ma, 1984</small>
• Genus †Jiuquanichthys <small>Ma 1984</small>
• Genus †Changma <small>Ma 1984</small>
• Genus †Qilianichthys <small>Ma 1984</small>
• Family †Lycopteridae <small>Liu, Su, Huang & Chang, 1963</small>
• Genus †Aokiichthys <small>Yabumoto 1994</small>
• Genus †Changichthys <small>Su 1991</small>
• Genus †Manchurichthys <small>Saito 1936</small>
• Genus †Neolycoptera <small>Dolgopol de Saez 1939</small>
• Genus †Pingolepis <small>Chang & Chow 1974</small>
• Genus †Tongxinichthys <small>Ma 1980</small>
• Genus †Yixianichthys <small>Wu 2003</small>
• Genus †Yungkangichthys <small>Chang & Chou 1977</small>
• Genus †Lycoptera <small>Liu et al. 1963</small> [Asiatolepis <small>Takai 1944</small>; Sungarichthys <small>Takai 1944</small>]

Order Hiodontiformes <small>McAllister 1968 sensu Taverne 1979</small>

• Genus †Chetungichthys <small>Chang & Chou, 1977</small>
• Genus †Plesiolycoptera <small>Zhang & Zhou 1976</small>
• Genus †Yanbiania <small>Li 1987</small>
• Family Hiodontidae <small>Valenciennes 1846 sensu stricto</small> (mooneyes)
• Genus †Eohiodon <small>Cavender 1966</small>
• Genus Hiodon <small>Lesueur 1818</small>

Order Osteoglossiformes <small>Regan 1909 sensu Zhang 2004</small>

• Genus †Lopadichthys <small>Murray, Zelenitsky, Brinkman & Neuman, 2018</small>
• Genus †Tanolepis <small>Jin 1994</small> [Tanichthys <small>Jin 1991 non Lin 1932</small>]
• Genus †Wilsonichthys <small>Murray, Newbrey, Neuman & Brinkman, 2016</small>
• Genus †Xixiaichthys <small>Zhang 2004</small>
• Family †Huashiidae <small>Chang & Chou, 1977</small>
• Genus †Kuntulunia <small>Liu, Ma & Liu 1982</small>
• Genus †Huashia <small>Chang & Chou 1977</small>
• Suborder Pantodontoidei
• Family Pantodontidae <small>Peters 1876</small> (freshwater butterflyfishes)
• Genus Pantodon <small>Peters 1877</small>
• Suborder Osteoglossoidei <small>Regan 1909</small>
• Genus †Genartina <small>Frizzell & Dante 1965</small>
• Genus †Monopteros <small>Volta 1796</small>
• Genus †Musperia <small>Sanders 1934</small>
• Genus †Phareoides <small>Taverne, 1973</small>
• Genus †Chauliopareion
• Family †Brychaetidae <small>Bonde 1966</small>
• Genus †Brychaetus <small>Woodward 1901</small>
• Family †Singididae <small>Greenwood & Patterson 1967</small>
• Genus †Singida <small>Greenwood & Patterson 1967</small>
• Family Phaerodontidae <small>Jordan 1925a</small>
• Genus †Phareodusichthys <small>Gayet 1991</small>
• Genus †Cretophareodus <small>Li 1996</small>
• Genus †Phareodus <small>Leidy 1873</small>
• Family Osteoglossidae <small>Bonaparte 1832 sensu lato</small> (arowanas)
• Suborder Notopteroidei <small>Greenwood 1973</small>
• Family †Ostariostomidae <small>Schaeffer, 1949</small>
• Genus †Ostariostoma <small>Schaeffer 1949</small>
• Superfamily Notopteroidea
• Family †Wakinoichthiidae <small>Yabumoto 1994</small>
• Genus Wakinoichthys <small>Yabumoto 1994 corrig.</small>
• Family †Kipalaichthyidae <small>Benveniste 1998</small>
• Genus †Kipalaichthys <small>Casier 1965</small>
• Genus †Paradercetis <small>Casier 1965</small>
• Family Notopteridae <small>Bleeker 1851</small> (Brown knifefish; featherbacks)
• Superfamily Mormyroidea
• Family Gymnarchidae <small>Bleeker 1859</small> (Aba, African Knifefish)
• Family Mormyridae <small>Bonaparte 1832</small> (freshwater elephantfishes)

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Phylogeny

Phylogeny based on the following works:

References