In enzymology, a nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 2-deoxy-D-ribosyl-base<sub>1</sub> and base<sub>2</sub>, whereas its two products are 2-deoxy-D-ribosyl-base<sub>2</sub> and base<sub>1</sub>.
This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is nucleoside:purine(pyrimidine) deoxy-D-ribosyltransferase. Other names in common use include purine(pyrimidine) nucleoside:purine(pyrimidine) deoxyribosyl, transferase, deoxyribose transferase, nucleoside trans-N-deoxyribosylase, trans-deoxyribosylase, trans-N-deoxyribosylase, trans-N-glycosidase, nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase I (purine nucleoside:purine, deoxyribosyltransferase: strictly specific for transfer between, purine bases), nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase II [purine(pyrimidine), and nucleoside:purine(pyrimidine) deoxyribosyltransferase]. This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism.
As of late 2007, 12 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , , , , , , , , , and .