In Arabic names, a ' ( ', "attribution"), also rendered as ' or ', is an adjective surname indicating the person's place of origin, ancestral tribe, or ancestry, used at the end of the surname. Examples of this suffix included at the end of a surname include: -at (eg: Obeidat), -i (eg: Al Masri), -awi (eg: Badawi) -iyy for males and -iyyah for females,
, originally an Arabic word, has been passed to many other languages such as Turkish, Persian, Bengali, Hindi and Urdu.
In Persian and Turkish, it is always pronounced and written as '. In Arabic usage, that pronunciation occurs when the word is uttered in its construct state only.
Original use
A "relation" is a grammatical term referring to the suffixation of masculine -iyy, feminine -iyyah to a word to make it an adjective. As an example, the word âÂÂArabiyy () means "Arab, related to Arabic, Arabian". forms are very common in Arabic names.
Use in onomastics
Traditional Arabic names are patronymics (), where the full name of the person is followed by the name of his father, usually linked by or ('son'). Patronymics may be long as they may include all known forefathers. When a name is simplified to one or two ancestors, it may become confusing to distinguish from other similar names; in such cases, the may be added as an additional specifier.
A is usually prefixed by the definite article '<nowiki/>al- and can take a number of forms:
Places
- Al-Afghani, related to or from Afghanistan
- Al-Albani, related to or from Albania e.g. Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani.
- Al-Almani, related to or from Germany
- Al-Amriki, related to or from America
- Al-Andalusi, related to or from the region of Al-Andalus (modern day Iberia) e.g. Said al-Andalusi, AbÃ
« ÿAbdallÃÂh Yaÿësh ibn IbrÃÂhëm ibn YÃ
«suf ibn SimÃÂk al-Andalusë al-Umawë
- Al-Armani, related to or from Greater Armenia or Armenians
- al-Astarabadi, from Astarabad (modern Gorgan), Persia
- al-Baghdadi, related to or from the city of Baghdad, e.g. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Junayd al-Baghdadi.
- al-Bakkaniy, from the Royal Town of Pekan in the state of Pahang in Malaysia, Mohammad Faeez Harith al-Bakkaniy
- al-Bangali, from the region of Bengal or a Bengali descent (mainly from Bangladesh)
- al-Bantani, from the province of Banten in Indonesia e.g. Syeikh Abdur Rauf al-Bantani
- al-Basri, from Basra, e.g. Ibn Sa'd
- al-Britani, related to or from the United Kingdom
- al-Busnawi, related to or from Bosnia, e.g. Matrakçñ Nasuh al-Busnawi.
- al-Buthuni, from the island of Buton in Indonesia e.g. Haji Abdul Ghaniu al-Buthuni
- al-Daylami, from Daylam, northern Iran
- al-Dahlawi, from Delhi, India
- al-Dimashqi, related to or from the city of Damascus e.g. Al-Dimashqi (geographer), Abu al-Fadl Ja'far ibn 'Ali al-Dimashqi
- al-Falembani, from a capital city in the province of South Sumatera in Indonesia, e.g.
- al-Fansuri, from the town of Pancur in the Central Tapanuli Regency in North Sumatera Indonesia e.g. Hamzah al-Fansuri
- al-Farsi, related to or from the region of Pars (Fars) or the country of Persia; e.g. Salman al-Farsi, Saud Al-Farsi
- al-Fatani, from the province of Pattani in Thailand e.g.
- al-Filfulani, from the state of Penang in Malaysia e.g. Syeikh Zubeir al-Filfulani
- al-Filisá¹Âënë, related to or from the region of Palestine e.g. Abu Qatada al-Filistini.
- al-Ghari, Literally means cave in Arabic. From the district of Gua Musang (literally meaning Fox Cave in Malay) in the state of Kelantan in Malaysia, e.g.
- al-Hadrami, related to or from the region of Hadhramaut e.g. Al-Ala al-Hadhrami, Ahmed Al-Hadrami, Imam al-Hadrami.
- al-Hamadani, from Hamadan, Persia
- al-Hijazi, related to or from the region of Hijaz e.g. Amal Hijazi, Farouk Hijazi, Abu'l Abbas al-Hijazi
- al-Himsi, related to or from the city of Homs e.g. Qustaki al-Himsi, Ibn Na'ima al-Himsi.
- al-Harari related to or from the city of Harar
- al-Iraqi, related to or from the country of Iraq e.g. Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi, Abdul Hadi al Iraqi, Abu Ayoub al-Iraqi
- al-Isfahani â from Isfahan, Persia
- al-Jaza'iri, related to or from the country of Algeria e.g. Emir Abdelkader al-Jaza'iri, Abu Bakr al-Jaza'iri
- al-Jannabi, from Jannaba port city, Arrajan province of Persia
- al-Johori, from the state of Johor in Malaysia e.g. Ahmad bin Ya'kob al-Johori
- al-Jurjani, from Jurjan
- al-Juzjani, from Juzjan
- al-Kairouani, related to or from the city of Kairouan in Tunisia.
- al-Kalantani, from the state of Kelantan in Malaysia e.g. Syeikh Ismail bin Abdul Majid al-Kalantani, Syeikh Wan Ali bin Abdul Rahman al-Kalantani
- al-Kedahi, from the state of Kedah in Malaysia e.g. Syeikh Mahmud al-Kedahi
- al-Khwarizmi, related to or from the region of Khwarazm, e.g. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi.
- al-Kuwaiti, related to or from the country of Kuwait e.g. Abu Omar al-Kuwaiti, Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti, Jandal al-Kuwaiti.
- Lahori, related to or from the city of Lahore, in Punjab, Pakistan e.g. Ustad Ahmad Lahori
- al-Lubnani, related to or from the country of Lebanon e.g. Bilal al-Berjawi al-Lubnani.
- al-Lusunji, from Losong, in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, e.g. Afif al-Lusunji
- al-Maghrebi, related to or from the region of Maghreb e.g. Ibn Yaḥyàal-Maghribë al-Samawþal, Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghribi, Yusuf al-Maghribi.
- al-Maqassari from the city of Makassar in Indonesia e.g. Muhammad Yusuf al-Maqassari
- al-Masri, related to or from Egypt. e.g. Taher al-Masri, Abu Hamza al-Masri.
- al-Nahawandi, al-Nihawandi, from Nahavand, Iran
- al-Najdi, related to or from the region of Najd in Saudi Arabia e.g. Qutaybah al-Najdi
- al-Nisaburi, al-Naysaburi, from Nishapur, Iran
- al-Qazwini, from Qazvin
- al-Quhistani, from Quhistan
- al-Qumisi, al-Kumisi, from Qumis, Iran
- al-Razi, from Ray, Iran
- al-Rûmi, from Rome
- al-Shami, related to or from the region of Levant or from the country of Syria e.g. Nasser al-Shami, Husayn al-Shami, Abu Anas al-Shami, Abu Humam al-Shami.
- al-Shinqiti, related to or from the city of Chinguetti or BilÃÂd Ã
 inqëṠ(Bilad Chinguetti, modern-day Mauritania) e.g. Ahmad ibn al-Amin al-Shinqiti
- al-Shirazi, from Shiraz, Fars, Persia
- al-Sindhi, related to or from the region of Sindh e.g. Mohammad Hayyat al-Sindhi
- al-Sinkili, from the town of Singkel in the province of Aceh in Indonesia Abd al-Rauf ibn Ali al-Fansuri al-Sinkili
- al-Sistani, al-Sijistani, al-Sajistani, al-Sijzi, from Sistan, Persia or Greater Iran
- al-Tabari, from Tabaristan, Persia
- al-Tantawi, from Tanta, Egypt, e.g.
- al-Tiflisi, from Tiflis (Tbilisi), Georgia
- al-Tihami, related to or from the region of Tihamah in Saudi Arabia.
- al-Tikriti, related to or from the city of Tikrit, e.g. Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti, Abu Raita al-Takriti, Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti
- al-Tunisi, related to or from the country of Tunisia e.g. Abu Nasr al-Tunisi, Abu Osama al-Tunisi, Ali ibn Ziyad at-Tarabulsi al-Tunisi al-'Absi, Nabilah al-Tunisi
- al-Turki, related to or from the country of Turkey e.g. Abu Yusuf Al-Turki, Azjur al-Turki, Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki, Hussain Al-Turki
- al-Tusi, from Tus, Khurasan, Persia
- al-Yemeni, related to or from the country of Yemen
- al-Yrifani, related to or from Yerevan
- al-Zayla'i, related to or from Zeila region and Zeila town in Horn of Africa e.g. Abd Al-Rahman al-Zayla'i
- ar-Raniri, from the town of Rander, in Surat district in the state of Gujarat, India. e.g. Nuruddin ar-Raniri
- as-Sambasi, from the regency of Sambas in Indonesia e.g. Muhammad Jabir as-Sambasi
- as-Sarawaki, from the state of Sarawak in Malaysia, e.g. Muhtar Suhaili As-Sarawaki
- as-Sembilani, from the state of Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia, e.g. Muhammad Musa al-Hafiz as-Sembilani
- as-Subanji, from the city of Subang Jaya in the state of Selangor in Malaysia e.g. Kamarul Afiq as-Subanji
- as-Sumatrani, from the island of Sumatera in Indonesia e.g.
- as-Sumbawi, from the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia Syeikh Muhammad Zainuddin as-Sumbawi
- at-Tranjanuwi, from the state of Terengganu in Malaysia e.g. Iskandar at-Tranjanuwi
- al Bukhari, from Bukhara, Uzbekistan
- al-Darbandi, Darbandi, from Derbent, Persia
- El Djezairi, related to or from Algeria e.g. Abdelkader El Djezairi.
- Faridi, related to or from the region of Greater Faridpur in Bangladesh e.g. Abdul Haque Faridi
- al-Khurasani, from Khurasan e.g. Abu Muslim, Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani
- Islamabadi, related to or from the city of Chittagong (previously known as Islamabad) e.g. Maniruzzaman Islamabadi
- Maneri, from Maner Sharif, India, e.g. Makhdoom Yahya Maneri.
- al-Marwazi, from Marw, Khurasan
- al-Rûmi, from Rûm (The Balkans and Asia Minor)
- Siraji, related to or from the district of Sirajganj in Bangladesh e.g. Ismail Hossain Siraji
Tribes, clans or families
- al-Tamimi, from the tribe or clan of Bani Tamim. e.g. Modher Sadeq-Saba al-Tamimi, Talib al-Suhail al-Tamimi, Alaa al-Tamimi.
- al-Qurashi, from the tribe or clan of Quraish. e.g. ibn Kathir al-Qurashi, Abû 'Uthmân Sa'îd ibn Hakam al Qurashi.
- Al-Hashemi, from the clan of Banu Hashim. Members of the Hashemite dynasty are referred to with the nisba "Al-Hashemi".
- at-Ta'i, from the tribe of Tai'. e.g. Hatem at-Ta'i.
- al-Ishaaqi, from the tribe or clan of Ishaaq in Somaliland
- al-Banjari, from the people of Banjar ethnicity in Indonesia e.g.
- al-Minankabawi - from the people of Minangkabau ethnicity in Indonesia e.g. Syeikh Ahmad Khatib al-Minankabawi, Syeikh Ismail Khalidi al-Minankabawi
- al-Mandaili - from the people of Mandailing ethnicity in Indonesia e.g. Haji Abdur Rahman al-Mandaili
People
Faith
Multiples
One can have more than one , one can be related to a city, a clan, a profession and a person at the same time. Examples include:
The is optional but is quite widespread.
Examples
See also
References