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Nickel(II) perchlorate

Nickel(II) perchlorate is a collection of inorganic compounds with the chemical formula of . Its colors of these solids vary with the degree of hydration. For example, the hydrate forms cyan crystals, the pentahydrate forms green crystals, but the hexahydrate (Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O) forms blue crystals. Nickel(II) perchlorate hexahydrate is highly soluble in water and soluble in some polar organic solvents.

Preparation

Aqueous solutions of nickel(II) perchlorate can be obtained by treating nickel(II) hydroxide, nickel(II) chloride or nickel(II) carbonate with perchloric acid.

Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> + 2HClO<sub>4</sub> + 4H<sub>2</sub>O → Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O

Two hydrates have been characterized by X-ray crystallography: the hexahydrate and the octahydrate. Several other hydrates are mentioned including the pentahydrate, which is claimed to crystallize at room temperature, the nonahydrate, which is claimed to crystallize at −21.3&nbsp;°C, a tetrahydrate, and a monohydrate.

The yellow anhydrous product is obtained by treating nickel(II) chloride with chlorine trioxide. As deduced by X-ray crystallography, Ni resides in a distorted octahedral environment and the perchlorate ligands bridge between the Ni(II) centers.

Applications

Nickel(II) perchlorates has few practical uses.

Other compounds

  • Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> also forms some compounds with NH<sub>3</sub>, such as Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6NH<sub>3</sub> which is a light purple crystal.
  • Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> also forms some compounds with N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, including Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·2N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> as a light positive solid or Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·5N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> which are purple crystals.
  • Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> forms compounds with CO(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, like Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6CO(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> which is a yellow-green solid.
  • Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> forms compounds with CON<sub id="mwXA">3</sub>H<sub id="mwXQ">5</sub>, for example Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·3CON<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub> which is a blue solid.
  • Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> forms compounds with CON<sub id="mwaA">4</sub>H<sub id="mwaQ">6</sub>, such as Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·3CON<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub> which is an explosive blue crystal with a bulk density of 0.95 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.
  • Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> can also form compounds with CS(NH<sub id="mwdA">2</sub>)<sub id="mwdQ">2</sub>, such as Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6CS(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> which is a pale green solid.
  • Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> also forms some compounds with CSN<sub id="mwgA">3</sub>H<sub id="mwgQ">5</sub>, such as Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·2CSN<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O which is a blue paramagnetic crystal or Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·3CSN<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O which is a dark positive crystal.
  • Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> also forms some compounds with pyridine.

Further reading

See also

References