5â²-Methylthioadenosine is S-methyl derivative of the adenosine. It is an intermediate in the methylthioadenosine (MTA) cycle, also known as the methionine salvage pathway that is universal to aerobic life.
The pervasive cofactor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) is the precursor to 5â²-methylthioadenosine. The sulfonium group in SAM can cleave in three ways, one involves loss of CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH(NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>)CO<sub>2</sub><sup>âÂÂ</sup>, generating the title compound.
In 1912, an adenine nucleoside was isolated by Hunter et al. from yeast that were grown without phosphorus or sulfur. Later in 1925, that substance was shown by Levene and Sobotkal to be adenylthiomethylpentose.
In 1936, Nakahara et al. did experiments on rats that suggested that vitamin L<sub>2</sub> deficiency inhibits the ability of female rats for lactation. In 1942, they identified vitamin L<sub>2</sub> to be adenylthiomethylpentose. Later studies by Folley et al (1942) refuted Nakahara's claims and demonstrated that L<small>2</small> is not necessary for lactation and thus L<sub>2</sub> is not considered a vitamin today.
Hecht found in 1937 that the body temperature of rabbits, cats and guinea pigs were lowered by 1 to 2 degrees after he gave them adenylthiomethylpentose at a dose of 0.2 g/kg. Kühn et al. replicated this in guinea pigs in 1941.