The is a modern metal practice sword, without a cutting edge, used primarily for practicing iaido, a form of Japanese swordsmanship.
A real (sharp) katana is called a . In contrast to shinken, iaità  have no cutting edge and are designed for iai/battà  practice and are usually unsuited for sword-to-sword contact. These should not be confused with imitation swords primarily made for decorative reasons, which are generally unsafe for martial arts practice.
Most iaità  are made of an aluminium-zinc alloy which is cheaper and lighter than steel. This use of alloy and a blunt edge also circumvents Japanese legal restrictions on the manufacture of swords made of ferrous metals. As such, Japanese-made iaità  are intended as practice weapons and are not suited for any type of contact. The best alloy blades are rather faithful reproductions of real swords with authentic weight and shape along with similarly high-quality finish and fittings. Iaità  may even have a mock . The average weight for a real is generally without the scabbard while a typical alloy iaità  is roughly . Some steel iaità  are also constructed and can weigh around for a blade.
Some imitation Japanese swords are made in countries other than Japan. They may even be made of folded steel, much like a real katana, but with a blunt edge. Such weapons would face the same use and ownership restrictions in Japan as genuine swords, and would not be considered iaità  in Japan.
The first iaità  were made after the Second World War to permit people without means to own a training sword for their practice of modern budà Â. Iaità  today are produced by specialized workshops without requiring any direct involvement of shinken swordsmiths.
Some dà Âjà  in Japan recommend that only alloy blades be used for practicing iaidà  until the practitioner's skill is consistent enough to safely use a sharp-edged sword. Some iaidà  schools may require a practitioner to start with a shinken right away, while other schools prohibit the use of a shinken altogether.
The matching of iaità  length, weight, and balance to the practitioner's build and strength is of utmost importance to safely and correctly perform the iaidà  forms (kata). Due to the repetition involved in the practicing of iaidà Â, they are often constructed with the balance point of the blade being set further from the blade's point (kissaki) and closer to the guard (tsuba) than other blades.
The Act for Controlling the Possession of Firearms or Swords and Other Such Weapons, established in Japan in 1958, forbids the possession, production, and importation of any sharpened (or sharpenable) sword. Very few exceptions to this rule exists, but, notably, traditional Japanese swordsmiths are permitted to produce a restricted number of blades over the course of the year. Japanese swordsmiths have a special status, and the weapons they make are considered works of art rather than weapons. (This also explains why nihontà  exported outside Japan must go through a declassification process before their exportation.)