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Hexafluorothioacetone

Hexafluorothioacetone is an organic perfluoro thione compound with formula CF<sub>3</sub>CSCF<sub>3</sub>. At standard conditions it is a blue gas.

Production

Hexafluorothioacetone was first produced by Middleton in 1961 by boiling bis-(perfluoroisopropyl)mercury with sulfur.

Properties

Hexafluorothioacetone boils at 8&nbsp;°C. Below this it is a blue liquid.

Colour

The blue colour is due to absorption in the visible light range with bands at 800–675&nbsp;nm and 725–400&nbsp;nm. These bands are due to T<sub>1</sub>–S<sub>0</sub> and S<sub>1</sub>–S<sub>0</sub> transitions. There is also a strong absorption in ultraviolet around 230-190&nbsp;nm.

Reactions

Hexafluorothioacetone acts more like a true thiocarbonyl (C=S) than many other thiocarbonyl compounds, because it is not able to form thioenol compounds (=C-S-H), and the sulfur is not in a negative ionized state (C-S<sup>−</sup>). Hexafluorothioacetone is not attacked by water or oxygen at standard conditions as are many other thiocarbonyls.

Bases trigger the formation of a dimer 2,2,4,4-tetrakis-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dithietane. Bases includes amines.

The dimer can be heated to regenerate the hexafluorothioacetone monomer.

The dimer is also produced in a reaction with hexafluoropropene and sulfur with some potassium fluoride.

Hexafluorothioacetone reacts with bisulfite to form a Bunte salt CH(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SSO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>.

Thiols reacting with hexafluorothioacetone yield disulfides or a dithiohemiketal:

R-SH + C(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S → R-S-S-CH(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.
R-SH + C(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S → RSC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SH (for example in methanethiol or ethanethiol).

With mercaptoacetic acid, instead of a thiohemiketal, water elimination yields a ring shaped molecule called a dithiolanone -CH<sub>2</sub>C(O)SC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S- (2,2-di(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dithiolan-4-one). Aqueous hydrogen chloride results in the formation of a dimeric disulfide CH(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SSC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cl. Hydrogen bromide with water yields the similar CH(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SSC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Br. Dry hydrogen iodide does something different and reduces the sulfur making CH(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SH. Wet hydrogen iodide only reduces to a disulfide CH(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SSC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>H. Strong organic acids add water to yield a disulfide compound CH(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SSC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>OH.

Chlorine and bromine add to hexafluorothioacetone to make CCl(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SCl and CBr(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SBr.

With diazomethane hexafluorothioacetone produces 2,2,5,5-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-l,3-dithiolane, another substituted dithiolane. Diphenyldiazoniethane reacts to form a three membered ring called a thiirane (di-2,2-trifluoromethyl-di-3,3-phenyl-thiirane)

Trialkylphosphites (P(OR)<sub>3</sub>) react to make a trialkoxybis(trifluoromethyl)methylenephosphorane (RO)<sub>3</sub>P=C(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and a thiophosphate (RO)<sub>3</sub>PS.

Hexafluorothioacetone can act as a ligand on nickel.

Hexafluorothioacetone is highly reactive to alkenes and dienes combining via addition reactions. With butadiene it reacts even as low as -78&nbsp;°C to yield 2,2-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-l-thiapyran.

See also

References

External links