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Carcharhiniformes

Carcharhiniformes (; ), commonly called ground sharks, are the largest order of sharks, with over 270 species. They include a number of common types, such as cat sharks, swellsharks, and hound sharks.

Members of this order are characterized by the presence of a nictitating membrane over the eye, two dorsal fins, an anal fin, and five gill slits.

The families in the order Carcharhiniformes are expected to be revised; recent DNA studies show that some of the conventional groups are not monophyletic.

The oldest members of the order appeared during the Middle-Late Jurassic, which have teeth and body forms that are morphologically similar to living catsharks. Carchariniformes first underwent major diversification during the Late Cretaceous, initially as mostly small-sized forms, before radiating into medium and large body sizes during the Cenozoic.

Families

Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes classifies the Carcharhiniformes into two suborders and twelve families:

O'Neill & Naylor, 2024</small> (bristle sharks)

Fossil genera

The following fossil genera of Carcharhiniformes are also known:

  • Genus †Altusmirus <small>Fuchs, Engelbrecht, Lukeneder & Kriwet, 2017</small>
  • Genus †Corysodon <small>Saint-Seine, 1949</small>
  • Genus †Platyrhizodon <small>Guinot, Underwood, Cappetta & Ward, 2013</small>
  • Genus †Vectiscyllium <small>Duffin & Batchelor, 2024</small>
  • Family Carcharhinidae
  • Genus †Abdounia <small>Cappetta, 1980</small>
  • Genus †Archaeogaleus <small>Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014</small>
  • Genus †Danogaleus <small>Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997</small>
  • Genus †Eogaleus <small>Cappetta, 1975</small>
  • Genus †Eorhincodon <small>Li, 1997</small>
  • Genus †Fornicatus <small>Fuchs, Engelbrecht, Lukeneder & Kriwet, 2018</small>
  • Genus †Kruckowlamna <small>Laurito Mora, 1999</small>
  • Genus †Misrichthys <small>Case & Cappetta, 1990</small>
  • Genus †Pseudabdounia <small>Ebersole, Cicimurri & Stringer, 2019</small>
  • Family †Florenceodontidae <small>Cappetta, Morrison & Adnet, 2019</small>
  • Genus †Florenceodon <small>Cappetta, Morrison & Adnet, 2019</small>
  • Family †Leptocarchariidae <small>Adnet et al., 2020</small>
  • Genus †Leptocarcharias <small>Adnet et al., 2020</small>
  • Family Hemigaleidae
  • Genus †Moerigaleus <small>Underwood & Ward, 2011</small>
  • Family Galeocerdonidae
  • Genus †Physogaleus <small>Cappetta, 1980</small>
  • Family †Pseudoscyliorhinidae <small>Stumpf, Scheer & Kriwet, 2019</small>
  • Genus †Diprosopovenator <small>Stumpf, Scheer & Kriwet, 2019</small>
  • Genus †Pseudoscyliorhinus <small>Müller & Diedrich, 1991</small>
  • Family Pentanchidae
  • Genus †Pseudoapristurus <small>Pollerspöck & Straube, 2017</small>
  • Family Proscyllidae
  • Genus †Praeproscyllium <small>Underwood & Ward, 2004</small>
  • Family Scyliorhinidae
  • Genus †Bavariscyllium <small>Thies, 2005</small>
  • Genus †Cadiera <small>Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014</small>
  • Genus †Casieria <small>Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997</small>
  • Genus †Crassescyliorhinus <small>Underwood & Ward, 2008</small>
  • Genus †Cretascyliorhinus <small>Underwood & Mitchell, 1999</small>
  • Genus †Foumtizia <small>Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997</small>
  • Genus †Megascyliorhinus <small>Cappetta & Ward, 1977</small>
  • Genus †Microscyliorhinus <small>Case, 1994</small>
  • Genus †Orthodon <small>Coquand, 1860</small>
  • Genus †Pachyscyllium <small>Reinecke, Moths, Grant & Breitkreuz, 2005</small>
  • Genus †Palaeoscyllium <small>Wagner, 1857</small>
  • Genus †Platyrhizoscyllium <small>Adnet, 2006</small>
  • Genus †Porodermoides <small>Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997</small>
  • Genus †Premontreia <small>Cappetta, 1992</small>
  • Genus †Prohaploblepharus <small>Underwood & Ward, 2008</small>
  • Genus †Protoscyliorhinus <small>Herman, 1977</small>
  • Genus †Pteroscyllium <small>Cappetta, 1980</small>
  • Genus †Scyliorhinotheca <small>Kiel, Peckmann & Simon, 2013</small>
  • Genus †Sigmoscyllium <small>Guinot, Underwood, Cappetta & Ward, 2013</small>
  • Genus †Stenoscyllium <small>Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997</small>
  • Genus †Thiesus <small>Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet, 2014</small>
  • Genus †Tingaleus <small>Cappetta, 1993</small>
  • Family Triakidae
  • Genus †Archaeotriakis <small>Case, 1978</small>
  • Genus †Gomphogaleus <small>Adnet & Cappetta, 2008</small>
  • Genus †Kallodentis <small>Engelbrecht, Mörs, Reguero & Kriwet, 2017</small>
  • Genus †Khouribgaleus <small>Noubhani & Cappetta, 1997</small>
  • Genus †Meridiogaleus <small>Engelbrecht, Mörs, Reguero & Kriwet, 2017</small>
  • Genus †Pachygaleus <small>Cappetta, 1992</small>
  • Genus †Palaeogaleus <small>Gurr, 1962</small>
  • Genus †Palaeotriakis <small>Guinot, Underwood, Cappetta & Ward, 2013</small>
  • Genus †Rhaibodus <small>Böhm, 1926</small>
  • Genus †Squatigaleus <small>Cappetta, 1989</small>
  • Genus †Xystrogaleus <small>Adnet, 2006</small>

References

Further reading

External links