The family Prophalangopsidae are insects belonging to the order Orthoptera. They are the only extant members of the superfamily Hagloidea. There is only one extant genus in North America, where they are known as grigs, four genera in Asia, and many extinct genera (see below).
The earliest fossils of the family date to the Early Jurassic around 200 million years ago, and the family exhibited great diversity between the Middle Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous, with their fossil record after that time being sparse.
The closest living relatives to the Prophalangopsidae are the family Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush-crickets), but the evolutionary split occurred more than 230 million years ago in the Permian.
The female of the species consumes the wings of the male during mating.
Haglidae is often used as a synonym of the family, but is used to refer to a distinct grouping of extinct hagloids by paleontologists.
Subfamilies and genera
The Orthoptera Species File lists the following: Archibald, Gu, and Mathewes (2022) removed the genera â Albertoilus and â Palaeorehnia from the family, moving them to a revised â Palaeorehniidae which they considered unplaced as to superfamily.
- Cyphoderrinae <small>Gorochov 1988</small>
- Cyphoderris <small>Uhler, 1864</small> (NW America)
- Paracyphoderris <small>Storozhenko, 1980</small> (Siberia)
- Prophalangopsinae <small>Kirby, 1906</small>
- Aboilomimus <small>Gorochov, 2001</small> (China)
- Prophalangopsis <small>Walker, 1871</small> (Indian subcontinent)
- Tarragoilus <small>Gorochov, 2001</small> (China)
- â Jurassobatea <small>Zeuner, 1937</small> Solnhofen Limestone, Germany, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
- â Mesoprophalangopsis <small>Hong, 1986</small> Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
- â Zalmonites <small>Handlirsch, 1906</small> Green Series, Germany, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)
- â Aboilinae <small>Martynov 1925</small>
- â Aboilus <small>Martynov, 1925</small> Badaowan Formation, China, Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) Kyzyl-Kiya, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian), Huajiaozi, China, Early Jurassic (Toarcian), Iya, Russia, Early Jurassic, Ma'ao Formation, Daohugou Beds, China, Middle Jurassic, Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic, Talynzhan Formation, Russia, Late Jurassic, Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian)
- â Allaboilus <small>Ren & Meng, 2006</small> Daohugou Beds, China, Middle Jurassic, Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian)
- â Angustaboilus <small>Li, Ren & Meng, 2007</small> Daohugou Beds, China, Middle Jurassic
- â Apsataboilus <small>Gorochov, 1990</small> Apsat, Russia, Early Cretaceous
- â Bacharaboilus <small>Gorochov, 1988</small> Daohugou Beds, China, Bahar, Mongolia, Middle Jurassic
- â Baissaboilus <small>Gorochov, 1996</small> Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous
- â Brunneus <small>Hong, 1983</small> Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic
- â Circulaboilus <small>Li, Ren & Wang, 2007</small> Daohugou Beds, China, Middle Jurassic
- â Flexaboilus <small>Li, Ren & Meng, 2007</small>
- â Furcaboilus <small>Li, Ren & Wang, 2007</small>
- â Karatailus <small>Gorochov, 1996</small> Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic
- â Notohagla <small>Johns, 1996</small> Puti Siltstone, New Zealand, Late Jurassic
- â Novaboilus <small>Li, Ren & Meng, 2007</small> Daohugou Beds, China, Middle Jurassic
- â Pamphagopsis <small>Martynov, 1925</small> Sulyukta Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Toarcian), Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic
- â Procyrtophyllites <small>Zeuner, 1935</small> Purbeck Group, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
- â Prophalangopseides <small>Sharov, 1968</small> Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous
- â Pseudohagla <small>Sharov, 1962</small> Osinov Formation, Russia, Early Jurassic (Toarcian), Daohugou Beds, China, Middle Jurassic
- â Pycnophlebia <small>Deichmuller, 1886</small> Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic, Solnhofen Limestone, Germany, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
- â Sigmaboilus <small>Fang, Zhang, Wang & Zhang, 2007</small> Daohugou Beds, China, Middle Jurassic
- â Sunoprophalangopsis <small>Hong, 1982</small> Jiulongshan Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
- â Tettaboilus <small>Gorochov, 1988</small> Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous
- â Utanaboilus <small>Gorochov, 1990</small> Zaza Formation, Kuenga, Russia, Early Cretaceous
- â Chifengiinae <small>Hong, 1982</small>
- â Aenigmoilus <small>Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2006</small> Weald Clay Formation, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)
- â Aethehagla <small>Meng & Ren, 2006</small> Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian)
- â Ashanga <small>Zherikhin, 1985</small> Uda Formation, Russia, Upper Jurassic, Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) Zhonggou Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
- â Ashangopsis <small>Lin, Huang & Nel, 2008</small> Daohugou Beds, China, Middle Jurassic
- â Chifengia <small>Hong, 1982</small> Haifanggou Formation, China, Middle Jurassic, Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian)
- â Grammohagla <small>Meng & Ren, 2006</small>
- â Habrohagla <small>Ren, Lu, Guo & Ji, 1995</small>
- â Hebeihagla <small>Hong, 1982</small>
- â Parahagla <small>Sharov, 1968</small> Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous, Chijinbao Formation, Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian)
- â Protaboilinae <small>Gorochov 1995</small>
- â Protaboilus <small>Gorochov, 1988 Kyzyl-Kiya</small>, Kyrgyzstan, Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian), Daohugou Beds, China, Middle Jurassic
- â Termitidiinae <small>Zeuner 1939</small>
- â Agrionidium <small>Westwood, 1854</small> Purbeck Group, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
- â Mesogryllus <small>Handlirsch, 1906</small> Lulworth Formation, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
- â Pseudaboilus <small>Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2006</small> Purbeck Group, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian), China, Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian)
- â Termitidium <small>Westwood, 1854</small> Durlston Formation, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
- â Tettigoilus <small>Gorochov, Jarzembowski & Coram, 2006</small> Weald Clay Formation, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)
- â Zalmona <small>Giebel, 1856</small> Purbeck Group, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
- â Tettohaglinae <small>Gorochov, 2011</small>
- â Tettohagla <small>Gorochov, 1996</small> Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous
- undetermined subfamily:
- â Cratohaglopsis <small>Martins-Neto, 1991</small> Crato Formation, Brazil, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- â Kevania <small>Martins-Neto, 1991</small> Crato Formation, Brazil, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- â Sinoprophalangopsis <small>Hong, 1983</small> Jiulongshan Formation, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
References
External links