The Chimaeridae, or short-nosed chimaeras, are a family of cartilaginous fish.
They resemble other chimaeras in general form and habits, but have short, rounded snouts, without the modifications found in related families. Many species have long, tapering tails, giving them an alternative name of ratfish. Shortnose chimaeras have a venomous spine on their backs, which is sufficiently dangerous to injure humans.
They are found in temperate and tropical marine waters worldwide. Most species are restricted to depths below , but a few, notably the spotted ratfish and rabbit fish, can locally be found at relatively shallow depths. They range from in maximum total length, depending on species.
Species
The species are grouped into two genera and include:
Family Chimaeridae
- Genus Chimaera <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> (Eocene-Recent)
- Chimaera argiloba <small>Last, White, & Pogonoski, 2008</small> (whitefin chimaera)
- Chimaera bahamaensis <small>Kemper, Ebert, Didier & Compagno, 2010</small> (Bahamas ghostshark)
- Chimaera carophila <small>Kemper, Ebert, Naylor & Didier 2015</small> (brown chimaera)
- Chimaera cubana <small>Howell-Rivero, 1936</small> (Cuban chimaera)
- Chimaera fulva <small>Didier, Last & W. T. White, 2008</small> (southern chimaera)
- Chimaera jordani <small>S. Tanaka (I), 1905</small> (Jordan's chimaera)
- Chimaera lignaria <small>Didier, 2002</small> (Carpenter's chimaera)
- Chimaera macrospina <small>Didier, Last, & White, 2008</small> (longspine chimaera)
- Chimaera monstrosa <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> (Rabbitfish)
- Chimaera notafricana <small>Kemper, Ebert, Compagno & Didier, 2010</small> (Cape chimaera)
- Chimaera obscura <small>Didier, Last, & White, 2008</small> (shortspine chimaera)
- Chimaera owstoni <small>S. Tanaka (I), 1905</small> (Owston's chimaera)
- Chimaera panthera <small>Didier, 1998</small> (leopard chimaera)
- Chimaera phantasma <small>D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1900</small> (silver chimaera)
- Chimaera stellata <small>Teramura, Senou, & Hirase, 2024</small> (stellated chimaera)
- Chimaera supapae <small>Ebert, Krajangdara, Fahmi, & Kemper, 2024</small> (Andaman shortnose chimaera)
- Chimaera cf. sp. E <small>Last & Stevens, 1994; White et al. 2006</small> (Lombok chimaera)
- Genus Hydrolagus <small>Gill, 1863</small> (Miocene-Recent)
- Hydrolagus affinis <small>(Brito Capello, 1868)</small> (small-eyed rabbitfish)
- Hydrolagus africanus <small>(Gilchrist, 1922)</small> (African chimaera)
- Hydrolagus alberti <small>Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951</small> (Gulf chimaera)
- Hydrolagus alphus <small>Quaranta, Didier, Long & Ebert, 2006</small>
- Hydrolagus barbouri <small>(Garman, 1908)</small> (ninespot chimaera)
- Hydrolagus bemisi <small>Didier, 2002</small> (pale ghost shark)
- Hydrolagus colliei <small>(Lay & E. T. Bennett, 1839)</small> (spotted ratfish)
- Hydrolagus eidolon <small>(D. S. Jordan & C. L. Hubbs, 1925)</small>
- Hydrolagus erithacus <small>Walovich, Ebert & Kemper, 2017</small> (Robin's ghostshark)
- Hydrolagus homonycteris <small>Didier, 2008</small> (black ghostshark)
- Hydrolagus lemures <small>(Whitley, 1939)</small> (bight ghostshark)
- Hydrolagus lusitanicus <small>T. Moura, I. M. R. Figueiredo, Bordalo-Machado, C. Almeida & Gordo, 2005</small> (Portuguese rabbitfish)
- Hydrolagus macrophthalmus <small>F. de Buen, 1959</small> (big-eyed chimaera)
- Hydrolagus marmoratus <small>Didier, 2008</small> (marbled ghostshark)
- Hydrolagus matallanasi <small>Soto & Vooren, 2004</small> (striped rabbitfish)
- Hydrolagus mccoskeri <small>L. A. K. Barnett, Didier, Long & Ebert, 2006</small> (Galápagos ghostshark)
- Hydrolagus melanophasma <small>K. C. James, Ebert, Long & Didier, 2009</small> (Eastern Pacific black ghostshark)
- Hydrolagus mirabilis <small>(Collett, 1904)</small> (large-eyed rabbitfish)
- Hydrolagus mitsukurii <small>(D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1904)</small> (spookfish)
- Hydrolagus novaezealandiae <small>(Fowler, 1911)</small> (dark ghostshark)
- Hydrolagus ogilbyi <small>(Waite, 1898)</small> (Ogilby's ghostshark)
- Hydrolagus pallidus <small>Hardy & Stehmann, 1990</small> (pale chimaera)
- Hydrolagus purpurescens <small>(C. H. Gilbert, 1905)</small> (purple chimaera)
- Hydrolagus trolli <small>Didier & Séret, 2002</small> (pointy-nosed blue chimaera)
- Hydrolagus waitei <small>Fowler, 1907</small>
- Hydrolagus sp. D/G (giant black chimaera)
- Hydrolagus sp. F (Peruvian rabbitfish)
- â Canadodus Popov, Johns & Suntok, 2020 Sooke Formation, Canada, Oligocene
References