The castles in Spain were built mainly for the country's defense, particularly with respect to fortification. During the Middle Ages, northern Christian kingdoms had to secure their borders with their Muslim southern neighbours, thus forcing both Christian and Muslim kings to grant border fiefs to their liege noblemen so as to keep and maintain defensive fortresses. When the Reconquista advanced, those border castles lost their initial purpose, and, as in the rest of medieval Europe, they were used as noble residences and fief-keeps. Sporadic threats of war maintained their initial military purposes as enemy invasions were common. In some locations, such as the Basque country, fiefdoms did not exist as such, and noble families could not afford nor did they need huge fortresses, giving rise to many tower houses. In Muslim Spain many castle-palaces were built: the petty taifa kingdoms that arose after the fall of the Caliphate of Córdoba were militarily weak thus castles began taking on a more aesthetic purpose. During the late Middle Ages, Christian kingdoms had secured and enriched themselves well enough to support a more courtly lifestyle, so more residential castles were built, such as the Alcázar of Segovia, which was used as the main residence of the kings of Castile, whereas the Castle of Olite, built in a luxurious gothic style, was the seat of the Kingdom of Navarre's royal court.
After the Conquest of Granada in 1492, the Catholic monarchs ordered all the castles in their realms to be handed over to the Crown. Although the order was not completely carried out, the War of the Germanias, a rebellion against king Charles V in the early 16th century, forced the new Spanish Habsburg dynasty to continue the process, and many castles were demolished as well. Most of the castles in Spain were successively abandoned and dismantled, Spanish kings fearing noble and peasant revolts, especially in the newly conquered lands. Accordingly, some of them are nowadays in a state of decay, and although some restoration work has been done, the number of former castles is so large that the Spanish government lacks both the resources and the will to restore them all.
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- Castle of Cuenca, (Cuenca)
- Castle of Alarcón
- Castle of Belmonte
- Castle of Garcimuñoz
- Castle of Huete, Alcazaba of Wabda or Castle of Luna
- Castle of Puebla de Almenara - (Puebla de Almenara)
- Castle of Haro (Villaescusa de Haro)
- Castle of Moya (Moya)
- Castle of Rochafrida Beteta
- Castle del Cañavate, (El Cañavate)
- Castle of Santiago de la Torre, (San Clemente)
- Castle of Paracuellos, (Paracuellos)
- Castle of Uclés, (Uclés)
- Castle of Montalbo, (Montalbo)
- Castle of La Hinojosa, (La Hinojosa)
- Castle of Rus, (San Clemente)
- Castle of Minglanilla, (Minglanilla)
- Castle of Iniesta, (Iniesta)
- Castle of Zafra de Záncara, (Zafra de Záncara)
- Castle of Huélamo, (Huélamo)
- Castle of Cañete, (Cañete)
- Tower Mangana, (Cuenca)
- Tower of the Moor, (Honrubia)
- Old Tower, (San Clemente)
- Tower of Ranera, (Talayuelas)
- Alcázar Real de Guadalajara
- Alcazaba of Zorita, in Zorita de los Canes
- Castle of Albalate de Tajuña, in the municipality of Luzaga
- Castle of Albaráñez, near Salmerón
- Castle of Alcocer
- Castle of Alcorlo, Castle del Corlo or Castle del Congosto, in San Andrés del Congosto
- Castle of Algar de Mesa
- Castle of Alhóndiga
- Castle of Almalaff, near Hortezuela de Océn
- Castle of Almoguera
- Castle of Alpetea, in the municipality of Villar de Cobeta
- Castle of Anguix
- Castle of Aragosa
- Castle of Arbeteta
- Castle of Atienza
- Castle of Baides
- Castle of Bembibre, in Castilmimbre
- Castle of Berninches
- Castle of Canales del Ducado
- Castle of Casasana
- Castle of Castejón de Henares
- Castle of Castilforte
- Castle of Castilnuevo
- Castle of Cobeta
- Castle of Codes
- Castle of the Count Don Julián, in the municipality of Taravilla
- Castle of Cogolludo
- Castle del Cuadrón or Castle of Santa Ana, in Auñón
- Castle of Cuevas Minadas
- Castle of Diempures, in Cantalojas
- Castle of Don Juan Manuel, in Cifuentes
- Castle of Doña Urraca or Castle of Molinán, in Beleña de Sorbe
- Castle of Durón
- Castle of Embid
- Castle of Escamilla
- Castle of Escopete
- Castle of Espinosa de Henares or El Palacio
- Castle of Establés or Castle of the Bad Shadow
- Castle of Fuentelencina and Tower of the Moor Cantana
- Castle of la Fandiña, in the municipality of Taravilla
- Castle of Fuentelsaz
- Castle of Fuentelviejo
- Castle of Fuentes, in Fuentes de la Alcarria
- Castle of los Funes, in Villel de Mesa
- Castle of Galve de Sorbe or Castle of the Zúñiga
- Castle of Guijosa
- Old castle of Guijosa
- Castle of Guisema, in the municipality of Tortuera
- Castle of Hita
- Castle of Hueva
- Castle of Inesque, between Angón and Pálmaces de Jadraque, in the municipality of Atienza
- Castle of Jadraque or Castle of the Cid
- Castle of Labros
- Castle of La Yunta
- Castle of Loranca de Tajuña
- Castle of Mandayona
- Castle of Mayrena, in Horche
- Castle of Mesa, in the municipality of Villel de Mesa
- Castle of Miedes de Atienza
- Castle of Milmarcos
- Castle of Mochales
- Castle of Molina de Aragón or Fortress of Molina de los Caballeros
- Castle of Mondéjar
- Castle of Montarrón
- Castle of the Moor, en Terzaga
- Castle of the Moors (Luzón), near Luzón
- Castle of the Moors (Tierzo), in Tierzo
- Castle of Motos
- Castle of Muduex
- Castle of Murel de Tajo or Castle of Santa MarÃÂa de Murel, between Morillejo and Carrascosa de Tajo
- Castle of Ocentejo
- Castle of Orea
- Castle of Palazuelos
- Castle of Pareja
- Castle of Pelegrina
- Castle of Peña Bermeja, in Brihuega
- Castle of Peñahora, near Humanes
- Castle of Peñalén
- Castle of Peñalver
- Castle of las Peñas Alkalathem or Castle of las Peñas Alcalatenas, between Trillo and Viana de Mondéjar, on one of the Tetas de Viana
- Pesebrico del Cid, Castle of ÃÂlvaro Yáñez or Castle of Barafáñez, near Romanones
- Castle of Pioz
- Castle of Rocha Frida, in the municipality of Atanzón
- Castle of Rueda de la Sierra
- Castle of Saceda, near Peralejos de las Truchas
- Castle of Salmerón
- Castle of Santiuste, near Corduente
- Castle of Sigüenza
- Castle of Riba de Santiuste
- Castle of Tamajón
- Castle of Tendilla
- Castle of Trillo
- Castle of Torija
- Castle of Torresaviñán, Castle of San Juan (La Torresaviñán) or Castle of la Luna, in La Torresaviñán
- Castle of Trijueque
- Castle of Uceda
- Castle of Valfermoso de Tajuña
- Castle of Valtablado del RÃÂo
- Castle of Vállaga, in the municipality of Illana
- Castle of Viana de Mondéjar
- Castle of Yunquera de Henares
- Castle of Zafra (Guadalajara), near Campillo de Dueñas
- Fortress of Alcolea de Torote, between Torrejón del Rey and Galápagos
- Fortress of Las Inviernas
- Fortress of Otilla
- Fortress of Torrecuadrada de los Valles
- Fortress of Torrecuadrada de Molina
- Fort fusilier of San Francisco, in Guadalajara
- Atalaya of los Casares, in the municipality of Riba de Saelices
- Atalaya of San Marcos (Centenera de Suso), in the municipality of Atanzón
- Tower of Séñigo, near Sigüenza
- Tower of Aragón, in Molina de Aragón
- Tower of Chilluentes, in the municipality of Tartanedo
- Tower of Doña Blanca (Taravilla), in the municipality of Taravilla
- Tower of la Almofala
- Fort-House of La Bujeda, between TraÃÂd and Otilla
- Fort-House of Setiles
- Fort-House of la Vega de Arias, near Tierzo
- Casilla de los Moros, in Membrillera
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- Castle of NaraÃÂo, (San Sadurniño)
- Castle of Andrade or Fortress da Nogueirosa, (Pontedeume)
- Castle da Lúa, (Rianxo)
- Castle da Rocha Forte, (Santiago de Compostela)
- Castle da Rocha Branca, (Padrón)
- Castle of Fruzo, (Arzúa)
- Castle of MesÃÂa, (MesÃÂa)
- Castle of San Carlos (Finisterre)
- Castle da Palma
- Castle of Moeche
- Castle of Vimianzo, (Vimianzo)
- Castle of Cardenal, (Corcubión)
- Castle of Casón, (Ortigueira)
- Castle do Pico Sacro, (Boqueixón)
- Castle do PrÃÂncipe, (Cee)
- Castle do Soberano, (Camariñas)
- Castle of Santo Antón
- Castle of San Felipe, (Ferrol)
- Fortress da Mota de Ois, (Coirós)
- Fort of Santa Cruz, (Oleiros)
- Torreón dos Andrade, (Pontedeume)
- Towers of Altamira, (Brión)
- Towers of Mens, (Malpica de Bergantiños)
- Towers do Allo, (Zas)
- Tower of Penela, (Cabana de Bergantiños)
- Tower of Celas de Peiro, (Culleredo)
- Tower of Cillobre, (A Laracha)
- Tower of Figueroa, (Abegondo)
- Tower of Hercules, (A Coruña)
- Tower of Lama, (Mañón)
- Tower of Nogueira, (Coristanco)
- Tower of Orseño, (Porto do Son)
- Tower of Xunqueiras, (A Pobra do Caramiñal)
- Tower do Concello, (Betanzos)
- Tower pazo de Vilardefrancos, (Carballo)
- Tower of Goiáns, (Boiro)
- Walls of Santiago de Compostela
- Castle da Frouseira, (Foz)
- Castle da Mota (GuntÃÂn), (GuntÃÂn)
- Castle da Pobra de Parga, (Guitiriz)
- Castle of Amarante, (Antas de Ulla)
- Castle of Arcos, (Chantada)
- Castle of Burón, (A Fonsagrada)
- Castle of Caldaloba, (Cospeito)
- Castle of Carbedo, (O Courel)
- Castle do Castrodouro, (Alfoz)
- Castle of Castroverde, (Castroverde)
- Castle of Doiras, (Cervantes)
- Castle of Maside, (Pantón)
- Castle of Miraz, (Friol)
- Castle of Monforte de Lemos, (Monforte de Lemos)
- Castle of Navia, (Navia de Suarna)
- Castle of Pambre, (Palas de Rei)
- Castle of Penas, (Monterroso)
- Castle of Peñaflor, (Riotorto)
- Castle of Saavedra, (Begonte)
- Castle of Sarria, (Sarria)
- Castle of Sequeiros, (Quiroga)
- Castle of Torés, (As Nogais)
- Castle of Tovar, (Lourenzá)
- Castle of Vilalba, (Vilalba)
- Castle Tower of Novaes, (Quiroga)
- Fortress of San Paio de Narla, (Friol)
- Fort of San Damián, (Ribadeo)
- Tower Fortress of Friol, (Friol)
- Tower da Bastida, (Pantón)
- Tower da Candaira, (O Saviñao)
- Tower of Doncos, (As Nogais)
- Tower of Gorrete, (Mondoñedo)
- Tower of Hospital, (O Incio)
- Tower of Marce, (Pantón)
- Tower of Moreda, (Monforte de Lemos)
- Tower of Quindimil, (Palas de Rei)
- Tower of Sobrada, (Outeiro de Rei)
- Tower of Taboada, (Taboada)
- Tower of Taboi, (Outeiro de Rei)
- Tower of Támoga, (Cospeito)
- Tower do Mouro, (Riotorto)
- Fort-House of Lusio, (Samos)
- Tower-House of Friol, (Friol)
- Tower-House of Güimil, (O Saviñao)
- Walls of Lugo
- Castle of Allariz, (Allariz)
- Castle of Mouresiños, (Allariz)
- Castle do Castro, (O Barco de Valdeorras)
- Castle of Queen Lupa, (Os Blancos)
- Castle of Castro Cavadoso, (Boborás)
- Tower do Bolo, (O Bolo)
- Castle da Piconha, (Calvos de RandÃÂn)
- Tower of Cabanelas, (O Carballiño)
- Tower of Sande, (Cartelle)
- Castle of Castro Caldelas, (Castro Caldelas)
- Alcázar of Milmanda, (Celanova)
- Tower of Vilanova dos Infantes, (Celanova)
- Castle of Roucos, (Cenlle)
- Castle of San Adrao, (Lobeira)
- Castle of Maceda, (Maceda)
- Castle of Manzaneda, (Manzaneda)
- Tower of MundÃÂn, (Maside)
- Tower of Pazos, (Maside)
- Tower of A Mezquita, (A Merca)
- Castle of Lobarzán, (Monterrei)
- Castle of Monterrei, (Monterrei)
- Tower of Medeiros, (Monterrei)
- Castle of Penedos do Castro, (Nogueira de RamuÃÂn)
- Castle of Caracochas, (Ourense)
- Castle Ramiro, (Ourense)
- Fortress of Bandexa, (Padrenda)
- Tower of Grixó, (Padrenda)
- Castle da Peroxa, (A Peroxa)
- Castle of Cinconogueiras, (A Peroxa)
- Castle of Fontearcada, (A Peroxa)
- Tower of Pena Folenche, (A Pobra de Trives)
- Tower of A Forxa, (Porqueira)
- Tower of A Sainza, (Rairiz de Veiga)
- Castle of Ribadavia, (Ribadavia)
- Castle of Sandiás, (Sandiás)
- Pazo da Torre de Soutopendo, (San Cibrao das Viñas)
- Tower of Torán, (Taboadela)
- Tower of O Olivar, (Toén)
- Fortress of Penafroufe, (Verea)
- Tower of Viana, (Viana do Bolo)
- Castle of VilamarÃÂn, (VilamarÃÂn)
- Tower da Pena da Portela, (Xinzo de Limia)
- Tower of A Pousa, (Xunqueira de AmbÃÂa)
- Castle of Alemparte, (Fornelos de Montes)
- Castle of Cira, (Silleda)
- Castle of Fornelos, (Crecente)
- Castle of Lobeira, (Vilanova de Arousa)
- Castle of Monterreal, (Baiona)
- Castle of Salvaterra, (Salvaterra de Miño)
- Castle of Sobroso, (Mondariz)
- Castle of Soutomaior, (Soutomaior)
- Castle of Tebra, (Tomiño)
- Castle of Ubeiras, (Vilaboa)
- Castle do Penzo, (Vigo)
- Fortress of Borraxeiros, (Agolada)
- Fortress of Gondomar, (Gondomar)
- Fortress of Rodeiro, (Rodeiro)
- Fortress of San Lourenzo, (Tomiño)
- Tower-Fortress of Castro de Montes, (Forcarei)
- Towers of Miadelo, (VilagarcÃÂa de Arousa)
- Torres de Oeste, (Catoira)
- Tower da Barreira, (A Estrada)
- Tower of A Lanzada, (O Grove)
- Tower of Camba, (Rodeiro)
- Tower of Fafián, (Rodeiro)
- Tower of Guimarei, (A Estrada)
- Tower of San Sadurniño, (VilagarcÃÂa de Arousa)
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Number of fortifications by provinces
In the following table, are related the various Spanish provinces, ordered according to the number of existing fortifications, both castles themselves as towers, watchtowers, bunkers, walls and castros
It attached the references to some of the relevant statements of Cultural Assets of the different Councils of Culture of the Autonomous Communities:
- Andalusia: Councils of Culture of the Junta de AndalucÃÂa
References
External links