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Baradari (brotherhood)

Barādarī (also spelled Birādrī or Biraderi; ) means "brotherhood", and refers to the various tribes or clans found among South Asian Muslims. The word originates from the Farsi word Baradar (), meaning "brother".

History

According to British author Anatol Lieven, "the most important force in Pakistani society" are Baradaris, as political parties and alliances are usually based primarily on tribal affiliation, rather than any competing religious, ethnic, or ideological cause. The system is strongest in Pakistani Punjab, where rural tribes of Jutts, Rajputs, Gujjars, Arains, and Awans are dominant. The system is also present in Sindh, though it is comparatively less influential.

Baradaris have also influenced politics in some parts of the United Kingdom, where a significant number of people are of Pakistani descent, most notably in Bradford.

See also

References

Further reading

  • Gilmartin, David (1994). "Biraderi and Bureaucracy: The Politics of Muslim Kinship Solidarity in 20th Century Punjab," International Journal of Punjab Studies 1, no. 1.
  • Peace, T., & Akhtar, P. (2015). Biraderi, bloc votes and bradford: Investigating the respect party's campaign strategy. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 17(2), 224-243.