Caridina is a genus of freshwater atyid shrimp. They are widely found in tropical or subtropical water in Asia, Oceania and Africa. They are filter-feeders and omnivorous scavengers. They range from 0.9 to 9.8 mm (C. cantonensis) to 1.2âÂÂ7.4 mm (C. serrata) in carapace length.
Taxonomy and species
There is evidence for hybridization between sympatric taxa, requiring care when interpreting molecular phylogenetic analyses that do not use a large number of specimens.
As of March 2022, the Integrated Taxonomic Information System lists the genus Caridina as having 340 species. These include the following species:
- Caridina ablepsia <small>Guo, Jiang & Zhang, 1992</small>
- Caridina acuta <small>Liang, Chen & W.-X. Li, 2005</small>
- Caridina acutirostris <small>Schenkel, 1902</small>
- Caridina africana <small>Kingsley, 1883</small>
- Caridina alba <small>J. Li & S. Li, 2010</small>
- Caridina alphonsi <small>Bouvier, 1919</small>
- Caridina amnicolizambezi <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina amoyensis <small>Liang & Yan, 1977</small>
- Caridina angulata <small>Bouvier, 1905</small>
- Caridina angustipes <small>Guo & Liang, 2003</small>
- Caridina anislaq <small>Cai, Choy & Ng, 2009</small>
- Caridina annandalei <small>Kemp, 1918</small>
- Caridina apodosis <small>Cai & N. K. Ng, 1999</small>
- Caridina appendiculata <small>Jalihal & Shenoy, 1998</small>
- Caridina aruensis <small>Roux, 1911</small>
- Caridina bakoensis <small>Ng, 1995</small>
- Caridina bamaensis <small>Liang & Yan, 1983</small>
- Caridina baojingensis <small>Guo, He & Bai, 1992</small>
- Caridina barakoma <small>de Mazancourt et al. 2020</small>
- Caridina batuan <small>Cai, Choy & Ng, 2009</small>
- Caridina belazoniensis <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina boehmei <small>Klotz & von Rintelen, 2013</small>
- Caridina boholensis <small>Cai, Choy & Ng, 2009</small>
- Caridina brachydactyla <small>De Man, 1908</small>
- Caridina brevidactyla <small>Roux, 1919</small>
- Caridina breviata <small>N. K. Ng & Cai, 2000</small>
- Caridina brevicarpalis <small>De Man, 1892</small>
- Caridina brevispina <small>Liang & Yan, 1986</small>
- Caridina bruneiana <small>Choy, 1992</small>
- Caridina buehleri <small>Roux, 1934</small>
- Caridina buergersi <small>Karge, von Rintelen & Klotz, 2010</small>
- Caridina buhi <small>Cai & Shokita, 2006</small>
- Caridina bunyonyiensis <small>Richard & Clark, 2005</small>
- Caridina burmensis <small>Cai & Ng, 2000</small>
- Caridina butonensis <small>Klotz & von Rintelen, 2013</small>
- Caridina caerulea <small>von Rintelen & Cai, 2009</small>
- Caridina calmani <small>Bouvier, 1919</small>
- Caridina camaro <small>Cai, Choy & Ng, 2009</small>
- Caridina cantonensis <small>Yü, 1938</small>
- Caridina caobangensis <small>S.-Q. Li & Liang, 2002</small>
- Caridina carli <small>Roux, 1931</small>
- Caridina cavalerieioides <small>Liu & Liang in Liang, 2004</small>
- Caridina caverna <small>Liang, Chen & W.-X. Li, 2005</small>
- Caridina cavernicola <small>Liang & Zhou, 1993</small>
- Caridina cebuensis <small>Cai & Shokita, 2006</small>
- Caridina celebensis <small>De Man, 1892</small>
- Caridina celestinoi <small>Blanco, 1939</small>
- Caridina chauhani <small>Chopra & Tiwari, 1949</small>
- Caridina choiseul <small>de Mazancourt et al. 2020</small>
- Caridina chishuiensis <small>Cai & Yuan, 1996</small>
- Caridina clandestina <small>Klotz et al., 2023</small>
- Caridina clavipes <small>Guo & Liang, 2003</small>
- Caridina clinata <small>Cai, X. Q. Nguyên & Ng, 1999</small>
- Caridina cognata <small>De Man, 1915</small>
- Caridina confusa <small>Choy & Marshall, 1997</small>
- Caridina congoensis <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina cornuta <small>Liang & Yan, 1986</small>
- Caridina costai <small>de Silva, 1982</small>
- Caridina crassipes <small>Liang, 1993</small>
- Caridina crurispinata <small>Gurney, 1984</small>
- Caridina cucphuongensis <small>ÃÂÃÂng, 1980</small>
- Caridina curta <small>Liang & Cai, 2000</small>
- Caridina demani <small>Roux, 1911</small>
- Caridina demenica <small>Cai & Li, 1997</small>
- Caridina dennerli <small>von Rintelen & Cai, 2009</small> *Caridina davidi <small>Bouvier, 1904</small>
- Caridina denticulata
- Caridina dentifrons <small>N. K. Ng & Cai, 2000</small>
- Caridina devaneyi <small>Choy, 1991</small>
- Caridina dianchiensis <small>Liang & Yan, 1985</small>
- Caridina disjuncta <small>Cai & Liang, 1999</small>
- Caridina disparidentata <small>Liang, Yan & Wang, 1984</small>
- Caridina ebuneus <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina edulis <small>Bouvier, 1904</small>
- Caridina elisabethae <small>Karge, von Rintelen & Klotz, 2010</small>
- Caridina elliptica <small>Cai & Yuan, 1996</small>
- Caridina elongapoda <small>Liang & Yan, 1977</small>
- Caridina endehensis <small>De Man, 1892</small>
- Caridina ensifera <small>Schenkel, 1902</small>
- Caridina evae <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina excavata <small>Kemp, 1913</small>
- Caridina excavatoides <small>Johnson, 1961</small>
- Caridina fasciata <small>Hung, Chan & Yu, 1993</small>
- Caridina fecunda <small>Roux, 1911</small>
- Caridina feixiana <small>Cai & Liang, 1999</small>
- Caridina fernandoi <small>Arudpragasam & Costa, 1962</small>
- Caridina fijiana <small>Choy, 1983</small>
- Caridina flavilineata <small>ÃÂÃÂng, 1975</small>
- Caridina formosae <small>Hung, Chan & Yu, 1993</small>
- Caridina fossarum <small>Heller, 1862</small>
- Caridina fusca <small>Klotz, Wowor & von Rintelen, 2021</small>
- Caridina gabonensis <small>Roux, 1927</small>
- Caridina ghanensis <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina glaubrechti <small>von Rintelen & Cai, 2009</small>
- Caridina glossopoda <small>Liang, Guo & Gao, 1993</small>
- Caridina gordonae <small>Richard & Clark, 2005</small>
- Caridina gortio <small>Cai & Anker, 2004</small>
- Caridina gracilipes <small>De Man, 1892</small>
- Caridina gracilirostris <small>De Man, 1892</small>
- Caridina gracillima <small>Lanchester, 1901</small>
- Caridina grandirostris <small>Stimpson, 1860</small>
- Caridina guangxiensis <small>Liang & Zhou, 1993</small>
- Caridina gueryi <small>Marquet, Keith & Kalfatak, 2009</small>
- Caridina guiyangensis <small>Liang, 2002</small>
- Caridina gurneyi <small>Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1984</small>
- Caridina hainanensis <small>Liang & Yan, 1983</small>
- Caridina hanshanensis <small>Tan, 1990</small>
- Caridina harmandi <small>Bouvier, 1906</small>
- Caridina hodgarti <small>Kemp, 1913</small>
- Caridina holthuisi <small>von Rintelen & Cai, 2009</small>
- Caridina hongyanensis <small>Cai & Yuan, 1996</small>
- Caridina hova <small>Nobili, 1905</small>
- Caridina huananensis <small>Liang, 2004</small>
- Caridina hubeiensis <small>Liang & S.-Q. Li, 1993</small>
- Caridina hunanensis <small>Liang, Guo & Gao, 1993</small>
- Caridina imitatrix <small>Holthuis, 1970</small>
- Caridina intermedia <small>de Mazancourt et al. 2020</small>
- Caridina jalihali <small>Mariappan & Richard, 2006</small>
- Caridina jeani <small>Cai, 2010</small>
- Caridina jiangxiensis <small>Liang & Zheng, 1985</small>
- Caridina johnsoni <small>Cai, Ng & Choy, 2007</small>
- Caridina kaombeflutilis <small>Richard & Clark, 2010</small>
- Caridina kempi <small>Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1984</small>
- Caridina kilimae <small>Hilgendorf, 1898</small>
- Caridina kunmingensis <small>Z.-Z. Wang & Liang, 2001</small>
- Caridina kunnathurensis <small>Richard & Chandran, 1994</small>
- Caridina laevis <small>Heller, 1862</small>
- Caridina lamiana <small>Holthuis, 1965</small>
- Caridina lanceifrons <small>Yu, 1936</small>
- Caridina lanceolata <small>Woltereck, 1937</small>
- Caridina lanzana <small>Holthuis, 1980</small>
- Caridina laoagensis <small>Blanco, 1939</small>
- Caridina laroeha <small>Klotz & von Rintelen, 2013</small>
- Caridina leclerci <small>Cai & Ng, 2009</small>
- Caridina leucosticta <small>Stimpson, 1860</small>
- Caridina leytensis <small>Blanco, 1939</small>
- Caridina liangi <small>Jiang, Guo & Zhang, 2002</small>
- Caridina liaoi <small>Cai, Choy & Ng, 2009</small>
- Caridina lilianae <small>Klotz, Wowor & von Rintelen, 2021</small>
- Caridina lima <small>Liang, Guo & Gao, 1993</small>
- Caridina linduensis <small>Roux, 1904</small>
- Caridina lineorostris <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina lingkonae <small>Woltereck, 1937</small>
- Caridina lipalmaria <small>Richard & Clark, 2010</small>
- Caridina liui <small>Liang & Yan, 1986</small>
- Caridina lobocensis <small>Cai, Choy & Ng, 2009</small>
- Caridina loehae <small>Woltereck, 1937</small>
- Caridina longa <small>Liang & Yan, 1985</small>
- Caridina longiacuta <small>Guo & Wang, 2005</small>
- Caridina longicarpus <small>Roux, 1926</small>
- Caridina longidigita <small>Cai & Wowor, 2007</small>
- Caridina longifrons <small>Cai & Ng, 2007</small>
- Caridina longirostris <small>H. Milne-Edwards, 1837</small>
- Caridina lovoensis <small>Roth-Woltereck, 1955</small>
- Caridina lufengensis <small>Cai & Duan, 1998</small>
- Caridina lumilympha <small>Richard & Clark, 2010</small>
- Caridina macrodentata <small>Cai & Shokita, 2006</small>
- Caridina macrophora <small>Kemp, 1918</small>
- Caridina maculata <small>L. Wang, Liang & F. Li, 2008</small>
- Caridina maeana <small>de Mazancourt et al. 2020</small>
- Caridina maeklongensis <small>Macharoenboon, K., Manonai, V., & Jeratthitikul, E., 2024</small>
- Caridina mahalona <small>Cai, Wowor & Choy, 2009</small>
- Caridina malawensis <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina malayensis <small>Cai, Ng & Choy, 2007</small>
- Caridina mariae <small>Klotz & von Rintelen, 2014</small>
- Caridina marlenae <small>Klotz, Wowor & von Rintelen, 2021</small>
- Caridina masapi <small>Woltereck, 1937</small>
- Caridina mathiassi <small>Silas & Jayachandran, 2010</small>
- Caridina mauritii <small>Bouvier, 1912</small>
- Caridina mayamareenae <small>Klotz, Wowor & von Rintelen, 2021</small>
- Caridina mccullochi <small>Roux, 1926</small>
- Caridina medifolia <small>Cai & Yuan, 1996</small>
- Caridina mengae <small>Liang, 1993</small>
- Caridina mengaeoides <small>Guo & Suzuki, 1996</small>
- Caridina menghaiensis <small>Cai & Dai, 1999</small>
- Caridina meridionalis <small>L. Wang, Liang & F. Li, 2008</small>
- Caridina mertoni <small>Roux, 1911</small>
- Caridina mesofluminis <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina mindanao <small>Cai & Shokita, 2006</small>
- Caridina minidentata <small>Cai & Anker, 2004</small>
- Caridina minnanica <small>Liang, 2002</small>
- Caridina modiglianii <small>Nobili, 1900</small>
- Caridina moeri <small>Roth-Woltereck, 1984</small>
- Caridina mongziensis <small>Liang, Yan & Z.-Z. Wang, 1987</small>
- Caridina multidentata <small>Stimpson, 1860</small>
- Caridina nana <small>de Mazancourt et al. 2020</small>
- Caridina nanaoensis <small>Cai & N. K. Ng, 1999</small>
- Caridina natalensis <small>Bouvier, 1925</small>
- Caridina natarajani <small>Tiwari & R. S. Pillai, 1968</small>
- Caridina neglecta <small>Cai & Ng, 2007</small>
- Caridina nguyeni <small>S.-Q. Li & Liang, 2002</small>
- Caridina nilotica <small>(Roux, 1833)</small>
- Caridina norvestica <small>Holthuis, 1965</small>
- Caridina novaecaledoniae <small>Roux, 1926</small>
- Caridina nudirostris <small>Choy, 1984</small>
- Caridina okiamnis <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina okinawa <small>Cai & Shokita, 2006</small>
- Caridina oligospina <small>Liang, Guo & Tang, 1999</small>
- Caridina opaensis <small>Roux, 1904</small>
- Caridina palawanensis <small>Cai & Shokita, 2006</small>
- Caridina panikkari <small>Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1984</small>
- Caridina papuana <small>Nobili, 1905</small>
- Caridina paracornuta <small>Cai & Yuan, 1996</small>
- Caridina pareparensis <small>De Man, 1892</small>
- Caridina paratypus <small>de Mazancourt et al. 2020</small>
- Caridina parvidentata <small>Roux, 1904</small>
- Caridina parvirostris <small>De Man, 1892</small>
- Caridina parvocula <small>Gurney, 1984</small>
- Caridina parvula <small>von Rintelen & Cai, 2009</small>
- Caridina paucidentata <small>Wang & Liang, 2005</small>
- Caridina paucidentata <small>L.-Q. Wang & Liang, 2005</small>
- Caridina pedicultrata <small>Guo & Choy, 1994</small>
- Caridina peninsularis <small>Kemp, 1918</small>
- Caridina petiti <small>Roux, 1929</small>
- Caridina pingi <small>Yü, 1938</small>
- Caridina pingioides <small>Yü, 1938</small>
- Caridina piokerai <small>de Mazancourt et al. 2020</small>
- Caridina pisuku <small>de Mazancourt et al. 2020</small>
- Caridina plicata <small>Liang, 2004</small>
- Caridina poarae <small>de Mazancourt et al. 2020</small>
- Caridina poso <small>Klotz, Wowor & von Rintelen, 2021</small>
- Caridina prashadi <small>Tiwari & R. S. Pillai, 1971</small>
- Caridina pristis <small>Roux, 1931</small>
- Caridina profundicola <small>von Rintelen & Cai, 2009</small>
- Caridina propinqua <small>De Man, 1908</small>
- Caridina pseudodenticulata <small>Hung, Chan & Yu, 1993</small>
- Caridina pseudonilotica <small>Richard & Clark, 2005</small>
- Caridina pseudoserrata <small>ÃÂÃÂng & ÃÂá»Â, 2007</small>
- Caridina qingyuanensis <small>Guo & He, 2007</small>
- Caridina rajadhari <small>Bouvier, 1918</small>
- Caridina rangoona <small>Cai & Ng, 2000</small>
- Caridina rapaensis <small>Edmondson, 1935</small>
- Caridina richtersi <small>Thallwitz, 1892</small>
- Caridina roubaudi <small>Bouvier, 1925</small>
- Caridina rouxi <small>De Man, 1915</small>
- Caridina rubella <small>Fujino & Shokita, 1975</small>
- Caridina rubropunctata <small>ÃÂÃÂng & ÃÂá»Â, 2007</small>
- Caridina samar <small>Cai & Anker, 2004</small>
- Caridina sarasinorum <small>Schenkel, 1902</small>
- Caridina schenkeli <small>von Rintelen & Cai, 2009</small>
- Caridina semiblepsia <small>Guo, Choy & Gui, 1996</small>
- Caridina serrata <small>Stimpson, 1860</small>
- Caridina serratirostris <small>De Man, 1892</small>
- Caridina shenoyi <small>Jalihal & Sankolli in Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1984</small>
- Caridina sikipozo <small>de Mazancourt et al. 2020</small>
- Caridina shilinica <small>Liang & Cai, 2000</small>
- Caridina similis <small>Bouvier, 1904</small>
- Caridina simoni <small>Bouvier, 1904</small>
- Caridina sinanensis <small>Xu, Li, Zheng & Guo, 2020</small>
- Caridina sodenensis <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina solearipes <small>Guo & De Grave, 1997</small>
- Caridina songtaoensis <small>Liang, 2004</small>
- Caridina spathulirostris <small>Richters, 1880</small>
- Caridina spelunca <small>Choy, 1996</small>
- Caridina sphyrapoda <small>Liang & Zhou, 1993</small>
- Caridina spinalifrons <small>Guo & De Grave, 1997</small>
- Caridina spinata <small>Woltereck, 1937</small>
- Caridina spinipoda <small>Liang, Hong & Yang, 1990</small>
- Caridina spinosipes <small>Liang, Guo & Tang, 1999</small>
- Caridina spinula <small>Choy & Marshall, 1997</small>
- Caridina spongicola <small>Zitzler & Cai, 2006</small>
- Caridina steineri <small>Cai, 2005</small>
- Caridina striata <small>von Rintelen & Cai, 2009</small>
- Caridina subventralis <small>Richard & Clark, 2005</small>
- Caridina sulawesi <small>Cai & Ng, 2009</small>
- Caridina sumatianica <small>Cai & Yuan, 1996</small>
- Caridina sumatrensis <small>De Man, 1892</small>
- Caridina sundanella <small>Holthuis, 1978</small>
- Caridina susuruflabra <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina temasek <small>Choy & Ng, 1991</small>
- Caridina tenuirostris <small>Woltereck, 1937</small>
- Caridina tetrazona <small>Chen, Chen, & Guo, 2020</small>
- Caridina thambipillai <small>Johnson, 1961</small>
- Caridina thermophila <small>Riek, 1953</small>
- Caridina thomasi <small>von Rintelen, Karge & Klotz, 2008</small>
- Caridina timorensis <small>De Man, 1893</small>
- Caridina togoensis <small>Hilgendorf, 1893</small>
- Caridina tonkinensis <small>Bouvier, 1919</small>
- Caridina trifasciata <small>Yam & Cai, 2003</small>
- Caridina troglodytes <small>Holthuis, 1978</small>
- Caridina troglophila <small>Holthuis, 1965</small>
- Caridina tumida <small>L. Wang, Liang & F. Li, 2008</small>
- Caridina tupaia <small>de Mazancourt, Marquet & Keith, 2019</small>
- Caridina turipi <small>de Mazancourt et al. 2020</small>
- Caridina typus <small>H. Milne-Edwards, 1837</small>
- Caridina uminensis <small>ÃÂÃÂng & ÃÂá»Â, 2007</small>
- Caridina umtatensis <small>Richard & Clark, 2009</small>
- Caridina unca <small>Gurney, 1984</small>
- Caridina valencia <small>Cai, Choy & Ng, 2009</small>
- Caridina venusta <small>L. Wang, Liang & F. Li, 2008</small>
- Caridina vietriensis <small>ÃÂÃÂng & ÃÂá»Â, 2007</small>
- Caridina villadolidi <small>Blanco, 1939</small>
- Caridina vitiensis <small>Borradaile, 1899</small>
- Caridina weberi <small>De Man, 1892</small>
- Caridina williamsi <small>Cai & Ng, 2000</small>
- Caridina woltereckae <small>Cai, Wowor & Choy, 2009</small>
- Caridina wumingensis <small>Cai & N. K. Ng, 1999</small>
- Caridina wyckii <small>(Hickson, 1888)</small>
- Caridina xiangnanensis <small>X.-Y. Liu, Guo & Yu, 2006</small>
- Caridina xiphias <small>Bouvier, 1925</small>
- Caridina yilong <small>Cai & Liang, 1999</small>
- Caridina yulinica <small>Cai & N. K. Ng, 1999</small>
- Caridina yunnanensis <small>Yü, 1938</small>
- Caridina zebra <small>Short, 1993</small>
- Caridina zeylanica <small>Arudpragasam & Costa, 1962</small>
- Caridina zhejiangensis <small>Liang & Zheng, 1985</small>
- Caridina zhongshanica <small>Liang, 2004</small>
A number of phylogenetic studies have questioned the monophyly of Caridina.
Threats and Conservation
As of March 2023, the IUCN Red List lists 56 Caridina species as threatened, with 18 listed as critically endangered, 5 listed as endangered, and 33 listed as vulnerable. Of these, two (Caridina apodosis and Caridina yilong) are listed as possibly extinct and one (Caridina dennerli) is listed as possibly extinct in the wild.
References
External links