Zwoleà  ( Zvolin) is a town in eastern Poland, in Masovian Voivodeship, about east of Radom. It is the capital of Zwoleà  County. Population is 8,048 (2009). Zwoleà  belongs to Sandomierz Land of the historic province of Lesser Poland, and is located on the Zwoleà Âka river.
The history of the town dates back to the early 15th century, when Zwoleà  was founded on a privilege issued by King Wà Âadysà Âaw II Jagieà Âà Âo. The first wójt was Jan Cielàtko. Zwoleà  was a royal town of Poland, administratively located in the Radom County in the Sandomierz Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown. In the 16th century, it already was a center of local trade, located along the road from Lublin to Radom and Greater Poland. In 1566âÂÂ1575, Polish Renaissance poet and writer Jan Kochanowski worked at a local Roman Catholic parish. Kochanowski, who died in Lublin, was buried in the local Holy Cross church.
During the Swedish invasion known as the Deluge (1655-1660), Zwoleà  was destroyed to such a degree that it never recovered its regional significance. In late 18th century, during Partitions of Poland, Zwoleà  was annexed by the Austrian Empire. Between 1807 and 1815, it was part of the French-controlled Polish Duchy of Warsaw, established by Napoleon. In 1815 it became part of Congress Poland, a protectorate of the Russian Empire. After the January Uprising, in 1869, Russian authorities deprived Zwoleà  of its town rights, as a punishment for residents' support of the insurgents. The village of Zwoleà  stagnated for years, and did not regain its town rights until 1925, after Poland regained sovereignty in 1918. In 1921 Zwoleà  had 8,544 residents, of which 3,787 were Jews.
The Nazi German invasion of Poland in 1939 was a disastrous period for the town. Almost 80% of buildings were destroyed in air attacks and artillery bombardments. Houses around the market square and the local synagogue were burned. German occupiers carried out numerous mass executions of underground resistance fighters (from Home Army to Bataliony Chà Âopskie). At the beginning of 1941, the Nazi German administration established a ghetto in the southern part of Zwoleà  for local Jews as well as all transports from neighbouring villages. In March 1941, Jews from Przytyk were transferred to Zwoleà  (fact disputed by some scholars claiming that by then Jews of Przytyk were already removed). On December 22, 1941 the Jüdischer Wohnbezirk was formally registered. By April 1942, the unfenced, open ghetto had some 4,500 inhabitants living in 239 houses (7 per room on average). Hundreds were homeless. On August 19âÂÂ20, 1942 approximately 5,000 Jews were shipped in from Gniewoszów ghetto nearby. The Germans also brought to the ghetto Jews from other locations (Janowice, Pionki, Jedlnia, Garbatka), further increasing their numbers. It is estimated that prior to mass deportations there were 6,500–10,000 Jews living there (top estimate by historian Adam Rutkowski has also been disputed). The Zwoleà  ghetto was liquidated on 29 September 1942. All inmates (about 8,000 according to Daniel Blatman) were made to walk to the railway station in Garbatka. A few hundred prisoners unable to walk were shot along the way. From there, all Jews were transported in freight trains to Treblinka extermination camp where they were immediately gassed. Around 70 Jewish Holocaust survivors returned to Zwoleà  after the war but soon moved on because of the hostility in post-war Poland.
On April 7 and 19, 1944, the Germans carried out mass public executions of Poles. Nevertheless, the Polish resistance movement was active in the town.
In 1954, a new Zwoleà  County of Kielce Voivodeship was created, which was a great boost to the town economy. Factories and new schools were opened including a meat plant and a branch of Radom's à Âucznik Arms Factory. In 1975, after administrative reform of the communist Poland, all counties were abolished and Zwoleà  became part of Radom Voivodeship. It regained its county capital status in 1999.
The town is located in southeastern corner of Mazovian Voivodeship, at the crossroads of two national roads: the 79th (Warsaw - Sandomierz - Kraków - Bytom), and the 12th (à ÂÃÂknica - Dorohusk). Zwoleà  does not have a rail station, but maintains bus connections with several towns and cities. The nearest airport is the Radom Airport, located about west of the town.
Every year in late June, the Pan Jan Name Day (Imieniny Pana Jana) Festival takes place there, in memory of Jan Kochanowski. The poet himself is buried at the local Holy Cross Catholic Church.
Zwoleà  County is one of the main areas of strawberry cultivation in Poland, which is one of the main strawberry producers in Europe. Zwoleà  strawberries and konfitura truskawkowa (a type of traditional Polish strawberry jam) are officially protected traditional foods of Zwoleà Â, as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland.
The town has a sports club Zwolenianka and other sports associations.
Zwoleà  is twinned with: