Zuma Township is located in Rock Island County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 757 and it contained 315 housing units. Zuma Township was originally named Walker Township, but was renamed on October 1, 1857.
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 97.66%) is land and (or 2.34%) is water.