was a member of the Japanese Communist Party.
Yoshio Shiga was born in Hagi, Yamaguchi, on 1 January 1901. His father was one of the first steamship captains in Japan. He was highly interested in the French Revolution in high school and became engaged with socialism after the Rice riots of 1918. After entering a college-preparatory school in 1919, he started to read Marxist literature. He attended Tokyo Imperial University from 1922 to 1925.
After graduating from college Shiga joined Sanzà  Nosaka's Industrial Labor Research Institute and enlisted into the army for one year. He was the editor of the magazine Marxism until his arrest in March 1928, remained in prison until 1945. The JCP selected Shiga to be editor-in-chief of the party's newspaper, Akahata.
Shiga served in the House of Representatives from May 1946 to April 1947, and February 1949 to 6 June 1950. During his tenure Shiga was in favour of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. He was also the leader of those in the JCP who supported the treaty. Because of his support for the treaty, he and , another member of the JCP who supported the test ban, were expelled from the party. They later established a pro-Soviet Communist Party known as the Voice of Japan. Shiga died in 1989.
Yoshio Shiga appears in the docu-drama "Nihon no Ichiban Nagai Natsu" (âÂÂJapanâÂÂs Longest SummerâÂÂ). Shiga is played by Soichiro Tahara.