Xanthoparmelia neosynestia is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Southern Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Cape Province at an elevation of , where it was found growing on sun-exposed sandstone cliffs in an escarpment among hillside karoo vegetation. The thallus of the lichen has a brittle texture and is dark greenish-yellow in color, reaching in diameter. It contains several secondary metabolites (lichen products): salazinic acid, consalazinic acid, usnic acid, and trace amounts of norstictic acid and protocetraric acid.